Tongu Sylvester M, Sha'Ato Rufus, Wase Geoffrey A, Okonkwo Jonathan O, Vesuwe Rebecca N
Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, PMB 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
Heliyon. 2023 Mar 5;9(3):e14324. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14324. eCollection 2023 Mar.
A study of seasonal variation, sources and potential risks of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in open city drains in Makurdi, Central Nigeria was carried out. OCPs and PCBs were quantified using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The total (∑OCPs) concentrations (ngL) of OCPs in water was 2.99 with a mean ± SD of 0.75 ± 0.12 during wet season, while during dry season, the values were 11.43 and 2.86 ± 1.54 respectively. In sediment, the total concentration (ngg) of OCPs was 5270.66 with a mean ± SD of 1756.89 ± 450.01 during wet season and a total concentration of 5837.93 and the mean ± SD of 1945.98 ± 646.04, during dry season. Source apportionment of OCPs suggested historic application of the pollutants. The total (∑PCBs) concentration (ngL) of PCBs in water was 0.24 with a mean ± SD of 0.03 ± 0.02 during wet season and a total concentration of 0.61 with a mean ± SD of 0.09 ± 0.11 during dry season. The total concentration (ngg) of PCBs in sediment was 37.88, mean ± SD of 5.41 ± 5.93 during wet season and a total of 47.07 and mean ± SD of 6.72 ± 7.27 during dry season. Ecological risk assessment based on effect range low (ERL) and effect range median (ERM) or threshold effect level (TEL) and probable effect level (PEL) that ecological risks were possible for some OCPs in this study, which calls for source control and remediation of the affected sites. Toxicity equivalency (TEQ) of PCB-118, the dioxin-like congener, indicated that it was most harmful to humans/mammals followed by birds, then fish.
对尼日利亚中部马库尔迪市露天城市排水渠中有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）的季节变化、来源及潜在风险进行了研究。使用气相色谱 - 质谱仪对OCPs和PCBs进行定量分析。雨季时水中OCPs的总浓度（∑OCPs，ng/L）为2.99，平均值±标准差为0.75±0.12，而旱季时该值分别为11.43和2.86±1.54。在沉积物中，雨季时OCPs的总浓度（ng/g）为5270.66，平均值±标准差为1756.89±450.01，旱季时总浓度为5837.93，平均值±标准差为1945.98±646.04。OCPs的来源分析表明这些污染物存在历史使用情况。雨季时水中PCBs的总浓度（∑PCBs，ng/L）为0.24，平均值±标准差为0.03±0.02，旱季时总浓度为0.61，平均值±标准差为0.09±0.11。沉积物中PCBs的总浓度（ng/g）雨季时为37.88，平均值±标准差为5.41±5.93，旱季时为47.07，平均值±标准差为6.72±7.27。基于效应范围低值（ERL）和效应范围中值（ERM）或阈值效应水平（TEL）和可能效应水平（PEL）的生态风险评估表明，本研究中某些OCPs可能存在生态风险，这需要对源头进行控制并对受影响场地进行修复。类二噁英同系物PCB - 118的毒性当量（TEQ）表明，它对人类/哺乳动物危害最大，其次是鸟类，然后是鱼类。
