Torgersen Svenn
Senter for klinisk psykologisk forskning Universitetet i Oslo Postboks 1039 Blindern 0317 Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 May 30;122(14):1385-8.
The nosological status of somatoform disorders has long been unclear. Only with DSM-III in 1980 did the situation become more settled. This means that earlier theoretical speculation and empirical investigations are difficult to evaluate. It has not been possible to confirm empirically many psychoanalytic notions about environmental causes of somatoform disorders; however, Freud's emphasis on a genetic basis seems to be confirmed. Furthermore, genetic research suggests a certain connection between alcoholism and criminality on the one hand and somatization disorders on the other. This does not mean that manifest alcoholism and criminality is prevalent among people with somatoform disorders. Cultural, gender-specific barriers and environmental factors prevent much co-morbidity. It should, however, be noted that little research has been taking place over the last 25-30 years; we could hardly be said to be beginning to understand the interplay between genes and environment in the development of somatoform disorders.
躯体形式障碍的疾病分类状况长期以来一直不明确。直到1980年《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM - III）出版，情况才变得较为稳定。这意味着早期的理论推测和实证研究难以评估。许多关于躯体形式障碍环境成因的精神分析观念无法通过实证得到证实；然而，弗洛伊德对遗传基础的强调似乎得到了证实。此外，基因研究表明，一方面酗酒和犯罪之间存在某种联系，另一方面与躯体化障碍也存在一定关联。这并不意味着明显的酗酒和犯罪在躯体形式障碍患者中普遍存在。文化、性别特定障碍和环境因素阻碍了许多共病情况的发生。然而，应该注意到在过去25至30年里相关研究很少；很难说我们才刚刚开始理解基因与环境在躯体形式障碍发展过程中的相互作用。
