Lafferty William E
University of Washington, Department of Health Services, Seattle, WA 98195-7660, USA.
Herpes. 2002 Jul;9(2):51-5.
An increased prevalence of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection has been documented worldwide. In the USA, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted from 1988 to 1994, revealed the seroprevalence of HSV-2 in persons 12 years of age or older to be 21.9%, an increase of 30% in age-adjusted seroprevalence of HSV-2 since the previous survey that was conducted from 1976 to 1980. Several European studies have documented a high prevalence of HSV-2 in antenatal populations. The advent of highly sensitive virological tests has confirmed that HSV-2 is the most common cause of genital ulceration in the developing world. People with a high standard of living may escape oral HSV-1 infection in childhood. Since asymptomatic oral shedding of HSV-1 is common, adults without immunity to HSV-1 who practise oral sex are especially at risk for genital HSV-1 infection. In some European cohorts, HSV-1 has been a more common aetiological agent of primary genital herpes than HSV-2. These patient groups may benefit from the use of HSV-1 in addition to HSV-2 type-specific serology.
全球范围内，单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）生殖器感染的患病率呈上升趋势。在美国，1988年至1994年开展的国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）显示，12岁及以上人群中HSV-2血清阳性率为21.9%，与1976年至1980年开展的上一次调查相比，经年龄调整后的HSV-2血清阳性率增加了30%。多项欧洲研究记录了产前人群中HSV-2的高患病率。高灵敏度病毒学检测手段的出现证实，HSV-2是发展中国家生殖器溃疡最常见的病因。生活水平较高的人群在儿童期可能避免感染口腔HSV-1。由于HSV-1无症状性口腔排毒很常见，对HSV-1无免疫力且有口交行为的成年人尤其有感染生殖器HSV-1的风险。在一些欧洲队列研究中，HSV-1已成为原发性生殖器疱疹比HSV-2更常见的病原体。除了HSV-2型特异性血清学检测外，这些患者群体可能会受益于HSV-1检测。
