最大旋后和旋前扭矩时上肢表面肌电图:肘部和前臂角度的影响。

Upper-limb surface electro-myography at maximum supination and pronation torques: the effect of elbow and forearm angle.

作者信息

O'Sullivan Leonard W, Gallwey Timothy J

机构信息

Ergonomics Research Centre, Department of Manufacturing & Operations Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.

出版信息

J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2002 Aug;12(4):275-85. doi: 10.1016/s1050-6411(02)00014-7.

Abstract

Forearm pronation and supination, and increased muscular activity in the wrist extensors have been both linked separately to work-related injuries of the upper limb, especially humeral epicondylitis. However, there is a lack of information on forearm torque strength at ranges of elbow and forearm angles typical of industrial tasks. There is a need for strength data on forearm torques at different upper limb angles to be investigated. Such a study should also include the measurement of muscular activity for the prime torque muscles and also other muscles at possible risk of injury due to high exertion levels during tasks requiring forearm torques.Twenty-four male subjects participated in the study that involved maximum forearm torque exertions for the right arm, in the pronation and supination directions, and at four elbow and three forearm rotation angles. Surface EMG (SEMG) was used to evaluate the muscular activity of the pronator teres (PT), pronator quadratus (PQ), biceps brachi (BB), brachioradialis (BR), mid deltoid (DT) and the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) during maximum torque exertions. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that both direction and forearm angle had a significant effect on the maximum torques (p<0.05) while elbow angle and the interactions were highly significant (p<0.001). The results revealed that supination torques were stronger overall with a mean maximum value of 16.2 Nm recorded for the forearm 75% prone. Mean maximum pronation torque was recorded as 13.1 Nm for a neutral forearm with the elbow flexed at 45 degrees. The data also indicated that forearm angle had a greater effect on supination torque than pronation torque. Supination torques were stronger for the mid-range of elbow flexion, but pronation torques increased with increasing elbow extension. The strength profiles for the maximum torque exertions were reflected in the EMG changes in the prime supinators and pronators. In addition, the EMG data expressed as the percentage of Maximum Voluntary Electrical activity (MVE), revealed high muscular activity in the ECRB for both supination (26-43% MVE) and pronation torques (17-55% MVE). The results suggest that the ECRB acts as a stabiliser to the forearm flexors for gripping during pronation torques depending on forearm angle, but acts as a prime mover in wrist extension for supination torques with little effect of elbow and forearm angle. This indicates a direct link between forearm rotations against resistance and high muscular activity in the wrist extensors, thereby increasing stress on the forearm musculo-skeletal system, especially the lateral epicondyle.

摘要

前臂的旋前和旋后,以及腕伸肌肌肉活动的增加,都分别与上肢的工作相关损伤有关,尤其是肱骨外上髁炎。然而,对于工业任务中典型的肘部和前臂角度范围内的前臂扭矩强度,目前缺乏相关信息。有必要对不同上肢角度下的前臂扭矩强度数据进行研究。这样的研究还应包括对主要扭矩肌肉以及在需要前臂扭矩的任务中因高用力水平而可能有受伤风险的其他肌肉的肌肉活动进行测量。24名男性受试者参与了这项研究,该研究涉及右臂在旋前和旋后方向以及四个肘部和三个前臂旋转角度下的最大前臂扭矩施加。在最大扭矩施加过程中,使用表面肌电图(SEMG)来评估旋前圆肌(PT)、旋前方肌(PQ)、肱二头肌(BB)、肱桡肌(BR)、三角肌中部(DT)和桡侧腕短伸肌(ECRB)的肌肉活动。重复测量方差分析表明,方向和前臂角度对最大扭矩均有显著影响(p<0.05),而肘部角度及其相互作用则具有高度显著性(p<0.001)。结果显示,总体上旋后扭矩更强,在前臂75%旋前时记录到的平均最大值为16.2牛米。对于肘部弯曲45度的中立前臂,平均最大旋前扭矩记录为13.1牛米。数据还表明,前臂角度对旋后扭矩的影响大于旋前扭矩。旋后扭矩在肘部屈曲的中间范围内更强,但旋前扭矩随着肘部伸展的增加而增加。最大扭矩施加的力量分布反映在主要旋后肌和旋前肌的肌电图变化中。此外,以最大自主电活动(MVE)百分比表示的肌电图数据显示,在旋后(26 - 43% MVE)和旋前扭矩(17 - 55% MVE)时,ECRB均有较高的肌肉活动。结果表明,根据前臂角度,ECRB在旋前扭矩时作为前臂屈肌的稳定器以进行抓握,但在旋后扭矩时作为腕伸展的主要动力肌,肘部和前臂角度对其影响较小。这表明对抗阻力的前臂旋转与腕伸肌的高肌肉活动之间存在直接联系,从而增加了前臂肌肉骨骼系统,尤其是外侧上髁的压力。

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