Banfield Sophie S, McCabe Marita P
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
Adolescence. 2002 Summer;37(146):373-93.
The two studies reported in this paper were designed to evaluate the efficacy of a multidimensional model of body image that incorporated the dimensions of perception, affect, cognition, and behavior. Study 1 selected items from established measures that were judged to reflect these four dimensions. This four-factor model was then tested in Study 2. The participants for Study 2 were 175 females. The results did not support the hypothesized four-factor model. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a model that consisted of three factors: Cognitions and Affect Regarding Body, Body Importance and Dieting Behavior, and Perceptual Body Image. Below-average-weight respondents rated the Cognitions and Affect Regarding Body factor as more important than did above-average-weight respondents. Below-average-weight respondents overestimated their body size, whereas average-weight and above-average-weight respondents made underestimates, with above-average-weight respondents underestimating their body size to a greater extent than average-weight respondents. The results highlight the multidimensionality of the body image construct and the difficulty in attempting to simplify this construct. Implications of these findings for better understanding problems among people with disturbed body image are discussed.
本文报道的两项研究旨在评估一个包含感知、情感、认知和行为维度的身体意象多维模型的有效性。研究1从已有的测量方法中选取了被认为能反映这四个维度的项目。然后在研究2中对这个四因素模型进行了测试。研究2的参与者为175名女性。结果不支持假设的四因素模型。探索性因素分析揭示了一个由三个因素组成的模型：关于身体的认知和情感、身体重要性与节食行为、以及感知身体意象。体重低于平均水平的受访者比体重高于平均水平的受访者更看重关于身体的认知和情感因素。体重低于平均水平的受访者高估了自己的体型，而体重平均水平和高于平均水平的受访者则低估了自己的体型，其中体重高于平均水平的受访者比体重平均水平的受访者对自己体型的低估程度更大。研究结果凸显了身体意象结构的多维性以及试图简化这一结构的困难。本文还讨论了这些发现对于更好地理解身体意象紊乱人群问题的意义。
