Matthews Adele, Matthews Andreas
Institut fur Anthropologie und Humanbiologie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Primates. 2002 Jul;43(3):155-68. doi: 10.1007/BF02629644.
A study on species composition, distribution, and population density of cercopithecids in the Campo-Ma'an area, Southwestern Cameroon, was undertaken from December 1997 until August 2000. A total of 665.5 km of line transects was used for the census. Thirteen diurnal primate species including five endangered species (Gorilla g. gorilla, Pan troglodytes, Mandrillus sphinx, Colobus satanas, Cercocebus torquatus) were recorded in the Campo Forest, the greatest part of which is a logging concession. Cercopithecus nictitans (1.43 groups/km2), C. cephus (1.13 groups/km2), C. pogonias (0.81 groups/km2), and C. torquatus (0.51 groups/km2) occurred at medium frequencies compared to figures from other Central African study sites. Mandrill densities estimated (0.27 groups/km2) show that the area is very important for the conservation of this rare species. Guenon densities found inside areas with a high level of human activities did not differ significantly from densities estimated in areas with a lower level of human activities. C. torquatus densities were significantly higher in the areas with a low level of human disturbance and encounter rates with Lophocebus albigena also indicate a preference of less disturbed areas. Mangabeys are thus likely to be adversely affected by human activities in the area. In the Ma'an Forest, which has not been logged yet, ten species were confirmed. The population densities of two guenons (C. nictitans and C. cephus) were estimated to be twice as high in the unlogged forest area as compared to the logged forest of Campo. Other species are rarer in the Ma'an Forest than in the Campo Forest. Although mangabeys are adversely affected by human activities, the results still indicate that selective logging may be compatible with the conservation of cercopithecids, if a reduced damage logging concept and antipoaching measures are implemented. Increased hunting activities following logging operations will definitely have a negative longterm impact on primate populations in the Campo-Ma'an area if no further, more effective conservation measures will regulate wildlife use in future.
1997年12月至2000年8月，对喀麦隆西南部坎波-马安地区猕猴科动物的物种组成、分布和种群密度进行了一项研究。普查共使用了665.5公里的样线。在坎波森林中记录到13种昼行性灵长类动物，其中包括5种濒危物种（西部低地大猩猩、黑猩猩、山魈、撒旦黑白疣猴、白颈白眉猴），该森林大部分区域为伐木特许权区域。与其他中非研究地点的数据相比，白领白眉猴（1.43群/平方公里）、红冠白眉猴（1.13群/平方公里）小斑白眉猴（0.81群/平方公里）和白颈白眉猴（0.51群/平方公里）出现的频率处于中等水平。估计的山魈密度（0.27群/平方公里）表明该地区对保护这种珍稀物种非常重要。在人类活动频繁地区发现的长尾猴密度与人类活动较少地区估计的密度没有显著差异。在人类干扰较少的地区，白颈白眉猴的密度显著更高，并且与白颊白眉猴的相遇率也表明其偏好干扰较少的地区。因此，白眉猴很可能受到该地区人类活动的不利影响。在尚未进行伐木的马安森林中，确认了10种灵长类动物。据估计，两种长尾猴（白领白眉猴和红冠白眉猴）在未伐木的森林区域的种群密度是坎波伐木森林区域的两倍。马安森林中的其他物种比坎波森林中的更为稀少。虽然白眉猴受到人类活动的不利影响，但结果仍然表明，如果实施减少损害的伐木理念和反偷猎措施，选择性伐木可能与猕猴科动物的保护相兼容。如果未来没有进一步更有效的保护措施来规范野生动物利用，伐木作业后狩猎活动的增加肯定会对坎波-马安地区的灵长类种群产生长期负面影响。
