van den Bosch W J H M
Universitair Medisch Centrum St Radboud, afd. Huisartsgeneeskunde, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2002 Jul 13;146(28):1309-10.
The Dutch College of General Practitioners' practice guideline on the menopause will not be any major cause for discussion. The hot issue of giving oestrogens to peri- and postmenopausal women to prevent osteoporosis or cardiovascular disease was already covered in the practice guideline on osteoporosis. This guideline on the menopause shows that there is no consensus on when it is safe to stop contraception. The advice to use supplementary contraception, such as condoms, until 1 year after the last menstruation will not be met with a high rate of compliance. If oestrogen therapy is necessary in women with serious vasomotor symptoms who still have their uterus, calendar packets containing 14-16 oestrogen-only pills and 12-14 oestrogen/progesterone combination pills can be used. Administration of transdermal oestrogens has no added value and is more expensive. Tibolone is even more expensive and has more side effects. Clonidine is less effective but can be an alternative for women who choose not to take hormones or in whom oestrogens are contraindicated.
荷兰全科医生学院关于更年期的实践指南不会引发任何重大讨论。在骨质疏松症实践指南中已经涵盖了向围绝经期和绝经后女性提供雌激素以预防骨质疏松症或心血管疾病这一热点问题。该更年期指南表明,对于何时停止避孕是安全的,目前尚无共识。建议在最后一次月经后1年内使用补充避孕措施,如避孕套,但这一建议的依从率不会很高。对于仍有子宫且有严重血管舒缩症状的女性,如果需要雌激素治疗,可以使用含有14 - 16片仅含雌激素的药片和12 - 14片雌激素/孕激素复方药片的日历包装。经皮雌激素给药没有额外价值且更昂贵。替勃龙甚至更贵且副作用更多。可乐定效果较差,但对于选择不服用激素或雌激素禁忌的女性而言可以作为一种替代选择。