Epley Nicholas, Savitsky Kenneth, Gilovich Thomas
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002 Aug;83(2):300-12. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.83.2.300.
When people commit an embarrassing blunder, they typically overestimate how harshly they will be judged by others. This tendency can seem to fly in the face of research on the correspondence bias, which has established that observers are, in fact, quite likely to draw harsh dispositional inferences about others. These seemingly inconsistent literatures are reconciled by showing that actors typically neglect to consider the extent to which observers will moderate their correspondent inferences when they can easily adopt an actor's perspective or imagine being in his or her shoes. These results help to explain why actors can overestimate the strength of observers' dispositional inferences even when, as the literature on the correspondence bias attests, observers are notoriously prone to drawing those very inferences.
当人们犯下令人尴尬的错误时，他们通常会高估他人对自己的评判会有多严厉。这种倾向似乎与对应偏差的研究相悖，对应偏差研究表明，实际上观察者很可能对他人做出严厉的性格推断。通过表明行动者通常忽略考虑观察者在能够轻易采纳行动者视角或设身处地为其着想时会在多大程度上缓和他们的对应推断，这些看似矛盾的文献得到了调和。这些结果有助于解释为什么行动者会高估观察者性格推断的强度，即使正如对应偏差文献所证明的那样，观察者极易做出那些推断。
