Gilovich T, Medvec V H, Savitsky K
Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Feb;78(2):211-22. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.78.2.211.
This research provides evidence that people overestimate the extent to which their actions and appearance are noted by others, a phenomenon dubbed the spotlight effect. In Studies 1 and 2, participants who were asked to don a T-shirt depicting either a flattering or potentially embarrassing image overestimated the number of observers who would be able to recall what was pictured on the shirt. In Study 3, participants in a group discussion overestimated how prominent their positive and negative utterances were to their fellow discussants. Studies 4 and 5 provide evidence supporting an anchoring-and-adjustment interpretation of the spotlight effect. In particular, people appear to anchor on their own rich phenomenological experience and then adjust--insufficiently--to take into account the perspective of others. The discussion focuses on the manifestations and implications of the spotlight effect across a host of everyday social phenomena.
这项研究提供了证据，表明人们高估了他人对自己行为和外表的关注程度，这一现象被称为聚光灯效应。在研究1和研究2中，被要求穿上印有讨人喜欢或可能令人尴尬形象的T恤的参与者，高估了能够回忆起T恤上图案的观察者数量。在研究3中，小组讨论中的参与者高估了他们的积极和消极言论对其他讨论者的突出程度。研究4和研究5提供了支持对聚光灯效应进行锚定和调整解释的证据。具体而言，人们似乎以自己丰富的现象学体验为锚点，然后进行——但调整不足——以考虑他人的视角。讨论聚焦于聚光灯效应在一系列日常社会现象中的表现及其影响。
