Shugars D C, Sweet S P, Malamud D, Kazmi S H, Page-Shafer K, Challacombe S J
Department of Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill 27599-7450, USA.
Oral Dis. 2002;8 Suppl 2:169-75. doi: 10.1034/j.1601-0825.8.s2.7.x.
Oral fluids are rarely a vehicle for HIV-1 infection in vivo, unlike other mucosal secretions. This unique property raises questions regarding (1) the molecular mechanisms responsible for the lack of salivary transmission, (2) the extent to which oral immunological responses mirror responses at other mucosal sites, (3) the use of promising salivary markers of HIV-1 disease progression, (4) the relationship between oral and blood viral loads, (5) cofactors that influence oro-genital transmission, and (6) the feasibility of oral-based antibody testing for HIV-1 diagnosis in the home. This paper discusses these questions and provides background summaries, findings from new studies, consensus opinions, practical relevance to developing countries, and suggestions for future research agenda on each of the key topics.
与其他黏膜分泌物不同，口腔液体在体内很少成为HIV-1感染的载体。这种独特特性引发了以下问题：（1）导致唾液传播缺失的分子机制；（2）口腔免疫反应与其他黏膜部位反应的相似程度；（3）使用有前景的HIV-1疾病进展唾液标志物；（4）口腔和血液病毒载量之间的关系；（5）影响口-生殖器传播的辅助因素；（6）在家中进行基于口腔的HIV-1诊断抗体检测的可行性。本文讨论了这些问题，并就每个关键主题提供了背景总结、新研究结果、共识意见、对发展中国家的实际意义以及未来研究议程建议。
