Technical developments in MR angiography.

CE MRA has evolved rapidly since the early studies by Prince et al [3]. Whereas many of the procedures in clinical use today rely heavily on the use of gadolinium contrast agents and standard. Fourier transform acquisition techniques, advances will have a significant impact on MRA by shortening the acquisition time, improving the reproducibility of the image-acquisition techniques, and improving spatial resolution or SNR. From a technical basis, shorter acquisition times associated with fast gradients are likely to improve spatial resolution and allow for acquisition of MR images over large FOVs. In addition, alternative k-space sampling techniques, such as parallel imaging and PR, are expected to further reduce acquisition time, while maintaining or improving spatial resolution. The approval and subsequent use of new contrast agents will also have a beneficial impact on the image quality of contrast-enhanced MRA applications. It is likely that these contrast agents will be coupled with advanced acquisition techniques to improve spatial resolution and technical success rates of MRA examinations.