Ding Xinxin, Kaminsky Laurence S
Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201, USA.
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2003;43:149-73. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.43.100901.140251. Epub 2002 Jan 10.
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in extrahepatic tissues often play a dominant role in target tissue metabolic activation of xenobiotic compounds. They may also determine drug efficacy and influence the tissue burden of foreign chemicals or bioavailability of therapeutic agents. This review focuses on xenobiotic-metabolizing CYPs of the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, including the lung, trachea, nasal respiratory and olfactory mucosa, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon. Many CYPs are expressed in one or more of these organs, including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, CYP2A13, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2F1, CYP2J2, CYP2S1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP4B1. Of particular interest are the preferential expression of certain CYPs in the respiratory tract and the regional differences in CYP expression profile in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Current research activities on the characterization of CYP expression, function, and regulation in these tissues, as well as future research needs, are discussed.
肝外组织中的细胞色素P450（CYP）酶在异源生物化合物的靶组织代谢活化中常常起主导作用。它们还可能决定药物疗效，并影响外来化学物质的组织负荷或治疗药物的生物利用度。本综述聚焦于人类呼吸道和胃肠道的异源生物代谢CYP，包括肺、气管、鼻呼吸和嗅觉黏膜、食管、胃、小肠和结肠。许多CYP在这些器官中的一个或多个中表达，包括CYP1A1、CYP1A2、CYP1B1、CYP2A6、CYP2A13、CYP2B6、CYP2C8、CYP2C9、CYP2C18、CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP2E1、CYP2F1、CYP2J2、CYP2S1、CYP3A4、CYP3A5和CYP4B1。特别令人感兴趣的是某些CYP在呼吸道中的优先表达以及胃肠道不同部位CYP表达谱的区域差异。本文讨论了目前关于这些组织中CYP表达、功能和调控特征的研究活动，以及未来的研究需求。
