Fellrath Jean-Marc, Francillon Cyrille, Duc Joël, Leuenberger Philippe
Division de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, CH-1011 Lausanne, Suisse.
Rev Med Suisse Romande. 2002 Jun;122(6):295-300.
Chronic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are characterized by: 1) diffuse interstitial inflammation and/or fibrosis, and 2) duration of illness above 3 months. Chronic ILDs of known and unknown aetiology have to be differentiated. The diagnosis of chronic ILDs, which is suggested by clinical and/or pulmonary function test data, is definitely based on the identification of interstitial changes on chest-x ray or thoracic high resolution CT scans. Orientated laboratory evaluation and flexible bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and biopsies are also performed. These investigations often allow a secure diagnosis to be made. Sometimes however, a surgical lung biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis, notably when chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are considered.
慢性间质性肺疾病（ILDs）的特征为：1）弥漫性间质性炎症和/或纤维化，以及2）病程超过3个月。必须区分已知病因和未知病因的慢性ILDs。临床和/或肺功能测试数据提示的慢性ILDs诊断，明确基于胸部X线或胸部高分辨率CT扫描发现的间质改变。还会进行有针对性的实验室评估以及经支气管镜肺活检、支气管肺泡灌洗和活检。这些检查通常能做出明确诊断。然而，有时诊断需要进行外科肺活检，特别是在考虑慢性特发性间质性肺炎时。
