van der Putte S C
Acta Morphol Neerl Scand. 1975 Dec;13(4):245-86.
The early development of the lymphatic system was studied in embryos of an inbred strain of the laboratory mouse. During the first stage of its development the system is represented by a more or less regular series of small and blind-ending outgrowths of the major embryonic veins which develop in a cranio-caudalward direction from the jugular to the pelvic region. As a result of differences in growth rates of adjacent anatomical structures this series of early lymphatic primordia becomes subdivided into 4 singular primordia and 12 groups of primordia. After the constituents of each group of early primordia have fused, 16 isolated lymphatic plexuses (sacs) are formed of which 14 are in bilaterally symmetric and 2 are in a median line position: i.e. bilaterally: (1) the jugulo-axillary lymph sac situated lateral to the anterior cardinal vein and dorsal to the primitive ulnar vein and its major branch, the external mammary vein, (2) the paratracheal lymph plexus situated medial to the anterior cardinal vein, (3) the internal thoracic lymph plexus situated lateral to the thoracic part of the posterior cardinal vein, (4) the thoracic ducts situated medial to the thoracic part of the posterior cardinal vein, (5) the lumbar lymph plexus situated dorso-lateral to the abdominal part of the posterior cardinal vein, (6) the subcardinal lymph plexus and (7) the iliac lymph plexus situated ventro-lateral to the abdominal part of the posterior cardinal vein; and in the median line: (8) the subtracheal lymph plexus situated at the confluence of the pulmonary veins and (9) the mesenteric lymph plexus situated near the confluence of the splenic and the superior mesenteric veins. Except for some openings at the jugulo-subclavian confluence all connections with the veins disappear. From the primordia extensions grow out centrifugally. They invade the surrounding tissues and, in part, fuse with similar sprouts of adjacent primordia. In this way a continuous system of lymph truncs is formed that opens into the venous system at the jugulo-subclavian confluence.
在实验室小鼠近交系的胚胎中研究了淋巴系统的早期发育。在其发育的第一阶段，该系统表现为主要胚胎静脉或多或少规则排列的一系列小的盲端分支，这些分支从颈部向骨盆区域呈头尾方向发展。由于相邻解剖结构生长速度的差异，这一系列早期淋巴原基被细分为4个单个原基和12组原基。每组早期原基的成分融合后，形成16个孤立的淋巴丛（囊），其中14个处于双侧对称位置，2个位于中线位置：即双侧：（1）颈腋淋巴囊，位于前主静脉外侧、原始尺静脉及其主要分支乳腺外静脉的背侧；（2）气管旁淋巴丛，位于前主静脉内侧；（3）胸廓内淋巴丛，位于后主静脉胸部外侧；（4）胸导管，位于后主静脉胸部内侧；（5）腰淋巴丛，位于后主静脉腹部背外侧；（6）副主淋巴丛；（7）髂淋巴丛，位于后主静脉腹侧；中线位置：（8）气管下淋巴丛，位于肺静脉汇合处；（9）肠系膜淋巴丛，位于脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉汇合处附近。除了颈静脉与锁骨下静脉汇合处的一些开口外，与静脉的所有连接都消失了。从原基开始，延伸部分离心生长。它们侵入周围组织，并部分与相邻原基的类似芽融合。通过这种方式，形成了一个连续的淋巴干系统，该系统在颈静脉与锁骨下静脉汇合处通向静脉系统。
