van der Putte S C, van Limborgh J
Acta Morphol Neerl Scand. 1980 Dec;18(4):323-35.
A study of microscopical serial sections of 40 well-preserved human embryos, ranging in age from about 40 to 65 days (8-33 mm C.-R. length), revealed that the prevertebral main lymphatics develop from a number of separate primordia, all derived from venous walls. These primordia are: paired jugular and axillary lymph sacs and paratracheal, internal throacic, lumbar and iliac lymph plexuses, and single subtracheal and mesenteric lymph plexuses. Probably, the thoracic ducts develop from a series of small additional primordia. All these primordia, except the jugulo-axillary lymph sacs, lose their connections with the veins. They rapidly enlarge, fuse with one another and send out sprouts into peripheral regions, so that soon the definitive pattern of the major lymphatics can be recognized. During development some variations may occur, in particular in the area where the lower extensions of the two throacic ducts meet the lumbar lymph plexuses. Usually, the right thoracic duct primarily comes into contact with the jugulo-axillary lymph sac. The conclusion is drawn that on an embryological basis in the prevertebral region additional lymphatico-venous communications might be expected, but that possible lymphatico-venous communications elsewhere in the body always point to developmental aberrations or to pathology.
一项对40个保存良好的人类胚胎连续切片的研究表明，这些胚胎的年龄在40至65天之间（头臀长度为8 - 33毫米），椎前主要淋巴管由许多独立的原基发育而来，所有这些原基均源自静脉壁。这些原基包括：成对的颈淋巴囊和腋淋巴囊、气管旁、胸廓内、腰和髂淋巴丛，以及单个的气管下和肠系膜淋巴丛。胸导管可能由一系列额外的小原基发育而来。除颈腋淋巴囊外，所有这些原基均失去与静脉的连接。它们迅速增大，相互融合并向周边区域发出芽支，因此很快就能识别出主要淋巴管的最终模式。在发育过程中可能会出现一些变异，特别是在两条胸导管的下部延伸与腰淋巴丛相遇的区域。通常，右胸导管首先与颈腋淋巴囊接触。得出的结论是，基于胚胎学基础，在椎前区域可能预期会有额外的淋巴 - 静脉交通，但身体其他部位可能存在的淋巴 - 静脉交通总是提示发育异常或病理状态。
