Riba I, Delvalls T A, Forja J M, Gómez-Parra A
Departamento de Química Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain.
Environ Monit Assess. 2002 Jul;77(2):191-207. doi: 10.1023/a:1015828020313.
The Doñana National Park is one of the most important Natural Reserves in west Europe. The park and the Guadalquivir estuary were impacted by the release of 5 million cubic meters of acid waste from the processing of pyrite ore. Here are presented a multivariate analysis approach to evaluate the extension and the magnitude of the accidental spill on the estuarine sediments. Sediments were used to analyze 6 different metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu). Also the concentration of the metals in the different geochemical sediment fractions were determined as a means of assessing the potential impact of the acid water from the mine. The analysis of the results obtained permits to establish that the impact of the accident was acute on the ecosystem due to the set up of a treatment plan in June 1998 and to the high hydrodynamic of the estuary that absorb the early impact. Chronic contamination by Cu was also detected during the monitoring of the impact of the accident in the estuary but this did not appear to be related to the accidental spill. Because the likelihood of long term adverse effects from the heavy metal contamination of estuarine sediments, further ecotoxicological evaluations should be carried out for the estuary and the park using an integrated approach.
多尼亚纳国家公园是西欧最重要的自然保护区之一。该公园和瓜达尔基维尔河河口受到了黄铁矿矿石加工过程中排放的500万立方米酸性废物的影响。本文介绍了一种多变量分析方法，用于评估意外泄漏对河口沉积物的影响范围和程度。利用沉积物分析了6种不同的金属（铁、锰、锌、镉、铅、铜）。此外，还测定了不同地球化学沉积物组分中金属的浓度，以此评估矿井酸性水的潜在影响。对所得结果的分析表明，由于1998年6月制定了处理计划，以及河口的高水动力吸收了早期影响，事故对生态系统的影响是急性的。在对河口事故影响的监测过程中，还检测到了铜的慢性污染，但这似乎与意外泄漏无关。鉴于河口沉积物重金属污染产生长期不利影响的可能性，应采用综合方法对河口和公园进行进一步的生态毒理学评估。
