DelValls T A, Blasco J, Sarasquete M C, Forja J M, Gomez-Parra A
Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Spain.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1998 Oct;41(2):157-67. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1998.1680.
The toxicity of sediments from two littoral ecosystems of the Gulf of Cadiz was tested using juveniles of the fish Sparus aurata (seabream). Concentrations of total carbon and nitrogen, organic carbon, 14 heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ag, Hg, As, Sn, V, Ni, Co, Cr), and the surfactant linear alkyl benzenesulfonate (LAS) in the sediments were measured. Chemical analysis was performed in the stations to determine the degree and nature of contamination. Four different endpoints were selected in the toxicity test: survival, superficial alteration, hematocrit analysis, and histological damage. After 14 days, survival, superficial alteration, and hematocrit analysis did not reveal effects of the different sediments tested. The histological and cellular damage revealed a more sensitive response to measured chemicals in sediments and they were found to be a powerful tool to evaluate sediment toxicity effects. Semiquantitative evaluation of the histological damage demonstrated correlation with sediment concentrations of some of the heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ag, Cu) and the surfactant (LAS). Data derived from chemical concentrations and toxicity tests were assembled by multivariate statistical techniques (principal components analysis) to identify the ranges of chemical concentrations associated with an adverse effect. The results obtained, as suggested by site-specific sediment quality values, were the following: Cr>/=90.2; Cd>/=1.24; Pb>/=52.5; Ag>/=0.68; Cu>/=71.2; LAS>/=8.7 mg kg-1 of dry sediment. These results are mainly in concordance with studies performed in other areas of the world and therefore support wide application of the method.
利用金头鲷（海鲷）幼鱼对加的斯湾两个滨海生态系统的沉积物毒性进行了测试。测量了沉积物中总碳和氮、有机碳、14种重金属（铁、锰、铜、锌、铅、镉、银、汞、砷、锡、钒、镍、钴、铬）以及表面活性剂直链烷基苯磺酸盐（LAS）的浓度。在各监测站进行了化学分析，以确定污染程度和性质。在毒性测试中选择了四个不同的终点指标：存活率、表面变化、血细胞比容分析和组织学损伤。14天后，存活率、表面变化和血细胞比容分析未显示出所测试的不同沉积物的影响。组织学和细胞损伤显示出对沉积物中所测化学物质更敏感的反应，并且发现它们是评估沉积物毒性效应的有力工具。组织学损伤的半定量评估表明与某些重金属（铬、镉、铅、银、铜）和表面活性剂（LAS）的沉积物浓度相关。通过多元统计技术（主成分分析）汇总了化学浓度和毒性测试的数据，以确定与不良反应相关的化学浓度范围。根据特定地点的沉积物质量值，得到的结果如下：铬≥90.2；镉≥1.24；铅≥52.5；银≥0.68；铜≥71.2；LAS≥8.7毫克/千克干沉积物。这些结果主要与世界其他地区进行的研究一致，因此支持该方法的广泛应用。
