Zhou Jun, Yao Joyce, Joshi Harish C
Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
J Cell Sci. 2002 Sep 15;115(Pt 18):3547-55. doi: 10.1242/jcs.00029.
Faithful transmission of chromosomes during mitosis is ensured by the spindle assembly checkpoint. This molecular safeguard examines whether prerequisites for chromosome segregation have been satisfied and thereby determines whether to execute or to delay chromosome segregation. Only when all the chromosomes are attached by kinetochore microtubules from two opposite spindle poles and proper tension is placed on the paired kinetochores does anaphase take place, allowing the physical splitting of sister chromatids. Recent studies have provided novel insights into the molecular mechanisms through which the spindle assembly checkpoint is regulated by both the attachment of chromosomes to kinetochore microtubules and the tension exerted on kinetochores.
有丝分裂过程中染色体的忠实传递由纺锤体组装检查点确保。这种分子保障机制会检查染色体分离的前提条件是否得到满足，从而决定是执行还是延迟染色体分离。只有当所有染色体都通过来自两个相对纺锤极的动粒微管附着，并且在配对的动粒上施加了适当的张力时，后期才会发生，从而使姐妹染色单体进行物理分离。最近的研究为纺锤体组装检查点如何通过染色体与动粒微管的附着以及动粒上施加的张力进行调控的分子机制提供了新的见解。
