Whitmore M, McQuilkin M L, Woolford B J
Lockheed Martin Space Mission Systems & Services, Houston, Texas, USA.
Hum Perf Extrem Environ. 1998 Sep;3(1):64-74.
Advancing technology, coupled with the desire to explore space has resulted in increasingly longer manned space missions. Although the Long Duration Space Flights (LDSF) have provided a considerable amount of scientific research on human ability to function in extreme environments, findings indicate long duration missions take a toll on the individual, both physiologically and psychologically. These physiological and psychological issues manifest themselves in performance decrements; and could lead to serious errors endangering the mission, spacecraft and crew. The purpose of this paper is threefold: 1) to document existing knowledge of the effects of LDSF on performance, habitability, and workload, 2) to identify and assess potential tools designed to address these decrements, and 3) to propose an implementation plan to address these habitability, performance and workload issues.
技术的进步，再加上探索太空的愿望，导致载人太空任务的时间越来越长。尽管长期太空飞行（LDSF）已经提供了大量关于人类在极端环境中功能的科学研究，但研究结果表明，长期任务会对个人的生理和心理造成损害。这些生理和心理问题表现为性能下降；并可能导致严重错误，危及任务、航天器和机组人员。本文的目的有三个：1）记录长期太空飞行对性能、宜居性和工作量影响的现有知识，2）识别和评估旨在解决这些下降问题的潜在工具，3）提出一项解决这些宜居性、性能和工作量问题的实施计划。
