Rivera Francisco, López-Gómez Juan Manuel, Pérez-García Rafael
Sección de Nefrología, Complejo Hospitalario, Ciudad Real, Madrid, Spain.
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 Sep;17(9):1594-602. doi: 10.1093/ndt/17.9.1594.
There are not enough large epidemiological population-based studies of biopsy-proven nephropathies with detailed clinical and histopathological data.
The Glomerulonephritis Registry of the Spanish Society of Nephrology has obtained data from 7016 patients with biopsied renal diseases between 1994 and 1999, investigating prevalence, incidence and clinical and histopathological data. Biopsies of transplant kidneys have not been considered.
The observed biopsy rate for all ages is 4.8 per 100 000 inhabitants. A male predominance is seen for all age groups. The most common clinical syndrome at any age is nephrotic syndrome. The prevalence of hypertension is higher in adults and elderly patients. The most common pathologies are IgA nephropathy, focal glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy and lupus nephritis. The mean annual incidence (per million of population) of the most common nephropathies is IgA nephropathy 7.9, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 6.4, membranous nephropathy 6.2, lupus nephritis 5.6, minimal-change disease 4.8, nephroangiosclerosis 4.6, vasculitis 4.3, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 3.6 and amyloidosis 3.3. In children, the most frequent causes are minimal-change disease, IgA nephropathy and focal glomerulosclerosis. In adults, the most common diagnoses are IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and focal glomerulosclerosis. In elderly patients, the most frequently reported pathologies are vasculitis, membranous nephropathy and amyloidosis. Membranous nephropathy has increased in incidence in recent years.
We provide representative population-based descriptive data on native biopsy-proven renal diseases in Spain.
目前缺乏足够多基于大规模流行病学人群的活检证实的肾病研究，且这些研究缺乏详细的临床和组织病理学数据。
西班牙肾脏病学会肾小球肾炎登记处收集了1994年至1999年间7016例经活检确诊的肾脏疾病患者的数据，对患病率、发病率以及临床和组织病理学数据进行了调查。未纳入移植肾活检数据。
各年龄段观察到的活检率为每10万居民中有4.8例。所有年龄组均以男性居多。任何年龄段最常见的临床综合征是肾病综合征。高血压在成人和老年患者中的患病率较高。最常见的病理类型是IgA肾病、局灶节段性肾小球硬化、膜性肾病和狼疮性肾炎。最常见肾病的年平均发病率（每百万人口）为：IgA肾病7.9例、局灶节段性肾小球硬化6.4例、膜性肾病6.2例、狼疮性肾炎5.6例、微小病变病4.8例、肾血管硬化4.6例、血管炎4.3例、膜增生性肾小球肾炎3.6例和淀粉样变性3.3例。在儿童中，最常见的病因是微小病变病、IgA肾病和局灶性肾小球硬化。在成人中，最常见的诊断是IgA肾病、狼疮性肾炎和局灶节段性肾小球硬化。在老年患者中，最常报告的病理类型是血管炎、膜性肾病和淀粉样变性。近年来膜性肾病的发病率有所上升。
我们提供了西班牙本土经活检证实的肾脏疾病具有代表性的基于人群的描述性数据。
