Schmidt Brandon K, Vogel Edward K, Woodman Geoffrey F, Luck Steven J
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242-1407, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 2002 Jul;64(5):754-63. doi: 10.3758/bf03194742.
Previous studies of attention-directing cues have focused largely on the effects of cuing on perceptual processes, but cuing may also influence the transfer of perceptual representations into visual working memory. In the present study, we examined this potential role of cues, using both predictive and non-predictive cues in the context of a visual working memory task. Each trial began with a cue, followed by an array of six colored squares, a delay interval, and then a probe square presented at th e location of one of the squares in the previous array. The subjects were required to indicate whether the color of the probe square was the same as the color of the square that had previously been presented at the same location. Performance on this working memory task was more accurate when the cued location was probed than when an uncued location was probed, even when the cued location was no more likely to be probed than any of the uncued locations. An additional experiment using the abrupt-onset paradigm of Yantis and Jonides (1984) yielded similar results. Thus, visual transients may automatically influence the transfer of perceptual representations into visual working memory.
以往对注意力引导线索的研究主要集中在线索对感知过程的影响上，但线索也可能影响感知表征向视觉工作记忆的转移。在本研究中，我们在视觉工作记忆任务的背景下，使用预测性和非预测性线索来检验线索的这一潜在作用。每个试验开始时都有一个线索，接着是一组六个彩色方块、一个延迟间隔，然后是一个探测方块，出现在前一组方块中某一个的位置。受试者被要求指出探测方块的颜色是否与之前在同一位置呈现的方块颜色相同。当探测的是被线索提示的位置时，这项工作记忆任务的表现比探测未被线索提示的位置时更准确，即使被线索提示的位置被探测的可能性并不比任何未被线索提示的位置更高。使用扬蒂斯和乔尼兹（1984年）的突发启动范式进行的另一项实验也得出了类似的结果。因此，视觉瞬变可能会自动影响感知表征向视觉工作记忆的转移。
