Quick Robert E, Kimura Akiko, Thevos Angelica, Tembo Mathias, Shamputa Isidore, Hutwagner Lori, Mintz Eric
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 May;66(5):584-9. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.584.
A water quality intervention that consists of water treatment, safe storage, and community education was field tested in Kitwe, Zambia. A total of 166 intervention households were randomly selected from one community and 94 control households from another. Baseline surveys were conducted and the intervention was distributed. Weekly active diarrhea surveillance, biweekly water testing, and a follow-up survey were conducted. Compliance was high in intervention households: 97% reported using disinfectant and 72-95% had measurable chlorine in their water in biweekly testing. The percentage of intervention households storing water safely increased from 41.5% to 89.2%. Stored water in intervention households was significantly less contaminated with Escherichia coli than water in control households (P < 0.001). Diarrheal disease risk for individuals in intervention households was 48% lower than for controls (95% confidence interval = 0.3, 0.9). This intervention is a useful tool for preventing waterborne diseases in families in developing countries who lack access to potable water.
在赞比亚基特韦对一项由水处理、安全储存和社区教育组成的水质干预措施进行了实地测试。从一个社区随机选取了166户干预家庭，从另一个社区选取了94户对照家庭。进行了基线调查并实施了干预措施。开展了每周一次的活动性腹泻监测、每两周一次的水质检测以及一次随访调查。干预家庭的依从性很高：97%的家庭报告使用了消毒剂，在每两周一次的检测中，72%至95%的家庭水中有可测量的氯。干预家庭安全储存水的比例从41.——5%提高到了89.2%。干预家庭储存的水中大肠杆菌污染程度明显低于对照家庭（P<0.001）。干预家庭中个体患腹泻病的风险比对照家庭低48%（95%置信区间=0.3，0.9）。对于缺乏安全饮用水的发展中国家家庭而言，这项干预措施是预防水传播疾病的一项有用工具。 （注：原文中“41.5%”误写为“41.——5%”，已修正）
