Janssen Wim G M, Bussmann Hans B J, Stam Henk J
Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Rotterdam, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Phys Ther. 2002 Sep;82(9):866-79.
The sit-to-stand (STS) movement is a skill that helps determine the functional level of a person. Assessment of the STS movement has been done using quantitative and semiquantitative techniques. The purposes of this study were to identify the determinants of the STS movement and to describe their influence on the performance of the STS movement.
A search was made using MEDLINE (1980-2001) and the Science Citation Index Expanded of the Institute for Scientific Information (1988-2001) using the key words "chair," "mobility," "rising," "sit-to-stand," and "standing." Relevant references such as textbooks, presentations, and reports also were included. Of the 160 identified studies, only those in which the determinants of STS movement performance were examined using an experimental setup (n=39) were included in this review.
The literature indicates that chair seat height, use of armrests, and foot position have a major influence on the ability to do an STS movement. Using a higher chair seat resulted in lower moments at knee level (up to 60%) and hip level (up to 50%); lowering the chair seat increased the need for momentum generation or repositioning of the feet to lower the needed moments. Using the armrests lowered the moments needed at the hip by 50%, probably without influencing the range of motion of the joints. Repositioning of feet influenced the strategy of the STS movement, enabling lower maximum mean extension moments at the hip (148.8 N m versus 32.7 N m when the foot position changed from anterior to posterior).
The ability to do an STS movement, according to the research reviewed, is strongly influenced by the height of the chair seat, use of armrests, and foot position. More study of the interaction among the different determinants is needed. Failing to account for these variables may lead to erroneous measurements of changes in STS performance.
从坐到站（STS）的动作是一项有助于确定个人功能水平的技能。已使用定量和半定量技术对STS动作进行评估。本研究的目的是确定STS动作的决定因素，并描述它们对STS动作表现的影响。
使用MEDLINE（1980 - 2001年）以及科学信息研究所的《科学引文索引扩展版》（1988 - 2001年）进行检索，关键词为“椅子”“移动性”“起身”“从坐到站”和“站立”。还纳入了教科书、演示文稿和报告等相关参考文献。在160项已识别的研究中，只有那些使用实验装置研究STS动作表现决定因素的研究（n = 39）被纳入本综述。
文献表明，椅子座高、扶手的使用和脚的位置对进行STS动作的能力有重大影响。使用较高的椅子座高会使膝关节水平（高达60%）和髋关节水平（高达50%）的力矩降低；降低椅子座高会增加产生动量或重新调整脚的位置以降低所需力矩的需求。使用扶手可使髋关节所需力矩降低50%，可能不会影响关节的活动范围。脚的重新定位会影响STS动作的策略，使髋关节的最大平均伸展力矩降低（当脚的位置从前方变为后方时，从148.8 N·m降至32.7 N·m）。
根据所综述的研究，进行STS动作的能力受到椅子座高、扶手的使用和脚的位置的强烈影响。需要对不同决定因素之间的相互作用进行更多研究。未考虑这些变量可能导致对STS表现变化的错误测量。
