Mingomataj Ervin, Priftanji Alfred, Qirko Etleva, Dinh Q Thai, Fischer Axel, Peiser Christian, Groneberg David A
Dept. of Allergy, Mother Theresa School of Medicine, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
BMC Dermatol. 2002 Aug 30;2:11. doi: 10.1186/1471-5945-2-11.
Severe allergic reactions during rush-specific immunotherapy (Rush-SIT) may occur in the treatment of hymenoptera sting allergy. The objective of the present study was to examine the characteristics of allergic reactions during Rush-SIT in a cohort of patients with allergy towards hymenoptera venom in the mediterranean population of Albania.
A retrospective study was performed using the clinical reports of 37 patients with venom of bee (apinae), wasp (vespidae, subfamily vespinae) or paperwasp (vespidae, subfamily polistinae) allergy treated with Rush-SIT between 1987 and 1996. After hymenoptera sting allergy diagnosis according to anamnesis and intracutaneous tests the patient were treated with Rush-SIT. The protocol lasted 3 - 4 d with an increase in the concentration from 0.01 microg/ml to 100 microg/ml. Anaphylactic reactions were classified according to the Mueller-classification.
The frequency of reactions during Rush-SIT for bee-venom was 4.7% and for wasp-venom was 1.5% (p < 0.01). The mean frequency of reactions of Mueller grade II for the bee-venom Rush-SIT patients during the first 4 d (= 26 injections) was 0.73 and for the wasp-venom Rush-SIT patients 0.15. No patient experienced a third-degree reaction. 94.6% of the patient supported an end dose of 100 microg.
Rush-SIT is a reliable method for the treatment of anaphylactic reactions to hymenoptera venom even in less developed countries. Bee-venom Rush-SIT was found to cause higher numbers allergic reactions than wasp or paperwasp Rush-SIT.
在蜂类特异性免疫疗法（快速免疫疗法，Rush-SIT）治疗膜翅目昆虫叮咬过敏时可能会发生严重过敏反应。本研究的目的是调查阿尔巴尼亚地中海人群中一组对膜翅目毒液过敏患者在快速免疫疗法期间过敏反应的特征。
采用回顾性研究，使用1987年至1996年间接受快速免疫疗法治疗的37例对蜜蜂（蜜蜂亚科）、黄蜂（胡蜂科，胡蜂亚科）或马蜂（胡蜂科，马蜂亚科）毒液过敏患者的临床报告。根据病史和皮内试验诊断膜翅目昆虫叮咬过敏后，患者接受快速免疫疗法治疗。方案持续3 - 4天，浓度从0.01微克/毫升增加到100微克/毫升。过敏反应根据米勒分类法进行分类。
蜜蜂毒液快速免疫疗法期间的反应频率为4.7%，黄蜂毒液为1.5%（p < 0.01）。蜜蜂毒液快速免疫疗法患者在前4天（= 26次注射）中米勒二级反应的平均频率为0.73，黄蜂毒液快速免疫疗法患者为0.15。没有患者经历三级反应。94.6%的患者接受了100微克的终剂量。
即使在欠发达国家，快速免疫疗法也是治疗膜翅目毒液过敏反应的可靠方法。发现蜜蜂毒液快速免疫疗法比黄蜂或马蜂毒液快速免疫疗法引起更多的过敏反应。
