Chi I
Centre on Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
J Aging Soc Policy. 2001;13(2-3):137-53. doi: 10.1300/j031v13n02_10.
The context in which aged care policy is being developed in Hong Kong is characterized not only by rapid demographic aging and social change, but also by new political and administrative systems being built on a colonial legacy. This article begins with a description of the demographic profile and trends in population aging, noting particular differences in marriage and family formation that differentiate Hong Kong from other developed countries and that also show marked changes between generations. While past social policies can be credited with contributing to the achievement of high life expectancy in Hong Kong, these policies were unevenly developed, with little provision for income security in old age or for long-term care. Both issues have come to the fore in policy development in recent years, culminating in the formation of the Elderly Commission in 1997 and revitalizing the level of attention given to developing community care. A clear policy agenda has been drawn up to promote the development of a long-term care system, addressing issues of integration; role differentiation for assessment and service provision, including new contractual arrangements; quality assurance; and financing. The political and administrative changes are seen to present opportunities for containing residential care and forging a care system founded on community services.
香港老年护理政策制定的背景不仅具有人口快速老龄化和社会变革的特点，还体现在基于殖民遗产构建的新政治和行政体系上。本文首先描述了人口结构概况和人口老龄化趋势，指出婚姻和家庭构成方面的特殊差异，这些差异使香港有别于其他发达国家，且在代际之间也呈现出显著变化。虽然过去的社会政策有助于香港实现较高的预期寿命，但这些政策发展不均衡，老年收入保障和长期护理方面的保障措施很少。近年来，这两个问题在政策制定中变得突出，最终在1997年成立了老年事务委员会，并重新激发了对发展社区护理的关注程度。已经制定了明确的政策议程，以促进长期护理体系的发展，解决整合问题；评估和服务提供的角色分化，包括新的合同安排；质量保证；以及融资。政治和行政变革被视为控制机构护理并建立基于社区服务的护理体系的机遇。
