Balogun Joseph A, Titiloye Victoria, Balogun Adetutu, Oyeyemi Adetoyeje, Katz Joanne
Physical Therapy Program, College of Health Related Professions, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, USA.
J Allied Health. 2002 Fall;31(3):131-9.
It is generally speculated that the ongoing changes in the health care system may increase the incidence of burnout among health care providers. The purposes of this cross-sectional study were to determine (1) the prevalence of burnout among physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs), (2) sociodemographic and work-related factors associated with emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal achievement (PA) traits of PTs and OTs. In fall 1998, 169 PTs and 138 OTs employed in various clinical settings in New York City completed the survey. Part I of the research questionnaire solicited sociodemographic and work-related information such as age, marital status, number of children (NC), religious affiliation (RA), exercise habits, level of support from supervisor (LSS), and level of support from colleagues (LSC). Part II of the questionnaire contained the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). From the MBI, each subject's EE, DP, and PA scores were obtained. The data were analyzed with oneway analysis of variance and linear, multiple, and stepwise regression models to determine the relative and combined contributions of the independent (sociodemographic and work-related) variables toward predicting EE, DP, and PA. Overall the MBI scores revealed high (28.9 +/- 6.8) EE, high (18.3 +/- 4.7) DP, and low (18.0 +/- 7.0) PA. The contribution of sociodemographic and work-related variables toward the prediction of EE (26.7%), DP (12.8%) and PA (19.8%) was minimal. Of the 20 independent variables examined in this study, only 3 (LSS, NC and RA) were viable predictors of EE. The only viable predictor of PA trait was LSC. None of the variables examined accurately predicted DP trait. The EE, DP, and PA scores of the PTs and OTs in this study were higher than the norms reported in previous studies for the general population and other human service professionals, including PTs and OTs. The findings suggest the need for reorganization of the work environment to address the stressors responsible for burnout in this cohort of therapists.
一般推测，医疗保健系统当前的变革可能会增加医疗保健提供者职业倦怠的发生率。这项横断面研究的目的是确定：（1）物理治疗师（PT）和职业治疗师（OT）职业倦怠的患病率；（2）与PT和OT的情感耗竭（EE）、去个性化（DP）和个人成就感（PA）特征相关的社会人口统计学和工作相关因素。1998年秋季，在纽约市不同临床环境中工作的169名PT和138名OT完成了调查。调查问卷的第一部分收集了社会人口统计学和工作相关信息，如年龄、婚姻状况、子女数量（NC）、宗教信仰（RA）、运动习惯、上级支持程度（LSS）和同事支持程度（LSC）。调查问卷的第二部分包含马氏职业倦怠量表（MBI）。从MBI中，获取了每个受试者的EE、DP和PA分数。采用单因素方差分析以及线性、多元和逐步回归模型对数据进行分析，以确定独立（社会人口统计学和工作相关）变量对预测EE、DP和PA的相对贡献和综合贡献。总体而言，MBI分数显示出较高的EE（28.9±6.8）、较高的DP（18.3±4.7）和较低的PA（18.0±7.0）。社会人口统计学和工作相关变量对EE（26.7%）、DP（12.8%）和PA（19.8%）预测的贡献微乎其微。在本研究中考察的20个独立变量中，只有3个（LSS、NC和RA）是EE的有效预测因子。PA特征的唯一有效预测因子是LSC。所考察的变量均未准确预测DP特征。本研究中PT和OT的EE、DP和PA分数高于先前针对普通人群以及包括PT和OT在内的其他人类服务专业人员所报告的标准。研究结果表明，需要对工作环境进行重组，以应对导致这群治疗师职业倦怠的压力源。
