Soler Jean Karl, Yaman Hakan, Esteva Magdalena, Dobbs Frank, Asenova Radost Spiridonova, Katic Milica, Ozvacic Zlata, Desgranges Jean Pierre, Moreau Alain, Lionis Christos, Kotányi Péter, Carelli Francesco, Nowak Pawel R, de Aguiar Sá Azeredo Zaida, Marklund Eva, Churchill Dick, Ungan Mehmet
Institute of Postgraduate Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT521SA, UK.
Fam Pract. 2008 Aug;25(4):245-65. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmn038. Epub 2008 Jul 11.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout, and of associated factors, amongst family doctors (FDs) in European countries. Methodology. A cross-sectional survey of FDs was conducted using a custom-designed and validated questionnaire which incorporated the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) as well as questions about demographic factors, working experience, health, lifestyle and job satisfaction. MBI-HSS scores were analysed in the three dimensions of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA).
Almost 3500 questionnaires were distributed in 12 European countries, and 1393 were returned to give a response rate of 41%. In terms of burnout, 43% of respondents scored high for EE burnout, 35% for DP and 32% for PA, with 12% scoring high burnout in all three dimensions. Just over one-third of doctors did not score high for burnout in any dimension. High burnout was found to be strongly associated with several of the variables under study, especially those relative to respondents' country of residence and European region, job satisfaction, intention to change job, sick leave utilization, the (ab)use of alcohol, tobacco and psychotropic medication, younger age and male sex.
Burnout seems to be a common problem in FDs across Europe and is associated with personal and workload indicators, and especially job satisfaction, intention to change job and the (ab)use of alcohol, tobacco and medication. The study questionnaire appears to be a valid tool to measure burnout in FDs. Recommendations for employment conditions of FDs and future research are made, and suggestions for improving the instrument are listed.
本研究的目的是确定欧洲国家家庭医生中职业倦怠及其相关因素的患病率。方法。采用定制设计并经验证的问卷对家庭医生进行横断面调查，该问卷纳入了马氏职业倦怠量表-人类服务调查（MBI-HSS）以及有关人口统计学因素、工作经验、健康状况、生活方式和工作满意度的问题。对MBI-HSS得分在情感耗竭（EE）、去个性化（DP）和个人成就感（PA）三个维度上进行分析。
在12个欧洲国家分发了近3500份问卷，回收1393份，回复率为41%。在职业倦怠方面，43%的受访者情感耗竭倦怠得分高，35%的受访者去个性化倦怠得分高，32%的受访者个人成就感倦怠得分高，12%的受访者在所有三个维度上倦怠得分高。略超过三分之一的医生在任何维度上倦怠得分都不高。研究发现，高倦怠与所研究的几个变量密切相关，尤其是与受访者的居住国和欧洲地区、工作满意度、换工作意向、病假使用情况、酒精、烟草和精神药物的（滥）用情况、年龄较小和男性性别有关。
职业倦怠似乎是欧洲家庭医生中的一个普遍问题，与个人和工作量指标有关，尤其是工作满意度、换工作意向以及酒精、烟草和药物的（滥）用情况。该研究问卷似乎是衡量家庭医生职业倦怠的有效工具。针对家庭医生的就业条件和未来研究提出了建议，并列出了改进该工具的建议。
