McGall Glenn H, Christians Fred C
Affymetrix, Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2002;77:21-42. doi: 10.1007/3-540-45713-5_2.
High-density DNA probe arrays provide a highly parallel approach to nucleic acid sequence analysis that is transforming gene-based biomedical research. Photolithographic DNA synthesis has enabled the large-scale production of GeneChip probe arrays containing hundreds of thousands of oligonucleotide sequences on a glass "chip" about 1.5 cm2 in size. The manufacturing process integrates solid-phase photochemical oligonucleotide synthesis with lithographic techniques similar to those used in the microelectronics industry. Due to their very high information content, GeneChip probe arrays are finding widespread use in the hybridization-based detection and analysis of mutations and polymorphisms ("genotyping"), and in a wide range of gene expression studies.
高密度DNA探针阵列提供了一种高度并行的核酸序列分析方法，正在改变基于基因的生物医学研究。光刻DNA合成技术已能够大规模生产基因芯片探针阵列，这种阵列在面积约1.5平方厘米的玻璃“芯片”上包含数十万个寡核苷酸序列。制造过程将固相光化学寡核苷酸合成与类似于微电子行业所使用的光刻技术相结合。由于其极高的信息含量，基因芯片探针阵列正在广泛应用于基于杂交的突变和多态性检测与分析（“基因分型”），以及广泛的基因表达研究中。
