Cappeliez Philippe, O'Rourke Norm
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2002;54(4):255-66. doi: 10.2190/YKYB-K1DJ-D1VL-6M7W.
The goal of the present study was to identify subgroups of older participants on the basis of unique configurations of variables among functions of reminiscence, personality traits, life attitudes, and perceived stress by means of cluster analysis. Ninety-three older adults (M = 66.7 years of age) completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, the Life Attitude Profile-Revised, the Reminiscence Functions Scale, and the Psychological State of Stress Measure. Cluster membership was determined on the basis of intra-personal functions of reminiscence (Boredom Reduction, Death Preparation, Identity, Bitterness Revival). These groups were subsequently compared on personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to experience), life attitudes (Existential Vacuum, Goal Seeking), and perceived stress. Three distinct groupings emerged. A greater tendency to ruminate about negative memories and lower extraversion characterized the negative reminiscers. Higher frequency of reminiscence related to issues of identity, life meaning and death, together with a tendency toward openness to experience, typified the meaning seekers. Lower reminiscence frequency for each of the four functions, combined with lower perceived stress and neuroticism, characterized the infrequent reminiscers. These results are interpreted in terms of differential patterns of coping and adaptation.
本研究的目的是通过聚类分析，根据回忆功能、人格特质、生活态度和感知压力等变量的独特组合，识别老年参与者的亚组。93名老年人（平均年龄66.7岁）完成了大五人格问卷、修订版生活态度量表、回忆功能量表和心理压力状态测量。聚类成员是根据回忆的个人内部功能（减少无聊、死亡准备、身份认同、痛苦重现）来确定的。随后，对这些组在人格特质（神经质、外向性、开放性）、生活态度（存在性空虚、目标追求）和感知压力方面进行了比较。出现了三个不同的分组。消极回忆者的特点是更倾向于反复思考负面记忆且外向性较低。意义探寻者的特点是与身份认同、生命意义和死亡问题相关的回忆频率较高，同时具有开放体验的倾向。低频回忆者的特点是四种功能中的每一种回忆频率都较低，同时感知压力和神经质程度也较低。这些结果从应对和适应的不同模式角度进行了解释。
