Quackenbush S W, Barnett M A
Department of Psychology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1995;41(2):169-81. doi: 10.2190/EFW2-BEK9-0G1Y-NP2R.
The purpose of this study was to examine several psychological characteristics and life experiences that may be related to aspects of reminiscence activity among elderly individuals. Seventy elderly individuals completed a reminiscence questionnaire assessing 1) the extent to which reminiscence is motivated by a desire to enhance self understanding, 2) reminiscence affect, and 3) the preferred social modality of reminiscence. The respondents also completed questionnaires assessing existential vacuum, extraversion, and the recent experience of various life events. Existential vacuum was positively associated with a tendency to engage in reminiscence in an effort to enhance self understanding as well as a negative bias in reminiscence affect. Extra-version was found to be positively related to a preference for interpersonal reminiscence. Specific life experiences (e.g., death of a spouse, retirement) were also related to reminiscence activity. The present results provide support for the notion that aspects of reminiscence activity are associated with individual differences in specific psychological and situational variables.
本研究的目的是考察一些可能与老年人回忆活动各方面相关的心理特征和生活经历。七十名老年人完成了一份回忆问卷，该问卷评估了：1）回忆受增强自我理解愿望驱动的程度；2）回忆情感；3）回忆偏好的社交方式。受访者还完成了评估存在空虚感、外向性以及近期各种生活事件经历的问卷。存在空虚感与为增强自我理解而进行回忆的倾向以及回忆情感中的消极偏差呈正相关。外向性与对人际回忆的偏好呈正相关。特定的生活经历（如配偶去世、退休）也与回忆活动有关。目前的结果支持了这样一种观点，即回忆活动的各方面与特定心理和情境变量中的个体差异相关。
