Bornman M S, Crewe-brown H H, Reif S, Mahomed M F, Broomker D, Schulenburg G W
Arch AIDS Res. 1992;6(4):213-20.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) affect the physiology of male/female reproduction. Chronic bacterial infection of semen is uncommon, but may be a cause of male infertility. Antibacterial treatment results in improvement in sperm quality, once the infection is eradicated. Little is known about how infection with Mycoplasma hominis affects semen quality, but treatment with antibiotics improves motility and decreases the percentage of coiled tails. Chlamydia trachomatis is not frequently isolated from the urethral cultures of normal men, but is a major cause of nongonococcal urethritis and epididymitis. Chlamydia is an important cause of epididymal and oviductal obstruction. Trichomonas vaginalis most frequently colonizes the vagina and cervix of women and the anterior urethra of the male sexual partners. The highest prevalence is in sexually active men and women and Trichomoniasis may well be the most common STD. Syphilis may be an important cofactor in facilitating transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A history of syphilis or a positive serologic test for syphilis is associated with HIV seropositivity in men. In South Africa, the seropositivity in pregnant black women ranges from 11-20%. Ga-Rankuwa Hospital is the referral center for 40 peripheral hospitals and over 4 million people. Since the inception of the Andrology Laboratory in June 1985, more than 5300 semen analyses have been performed on 2000 patients.
性传播疾病（STD）会影响男性/女性生殖生理。精液的慢性细菌感染并不常见，但可能是男性不育的一个原因。一旦感染被根除，抗菌治疗可改善精子质量。关于人型支原体感染如何影响精液质量知之甚少，但抗生素治疗可提高精子活力并降低卷尾精子的百分比。沙眼衣原体在正常男性的尿道培养物中并不常被分离出来，但它是非淋菌性尿道炎和附睾炎的主要病因。衣原体是附睾和输卵管阻塞的重要原因。阴道毛滴虫最常寄生于女性的阴道和宫颈以及男性性伴侣的前尿道。发病率最高的是性活跃的男性和女性，滴虫病很可能是最常见的性传播疾病。梅毒可能是促进人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）传播的一个重要辅助因素。梅毒病史或梅毒血清学检测呈阳性与男性HIV血清阳性有关。在南非，怀孕黑人女性的血清阳性率在11%至20%之间。加兰夸医院是40家周边医院的转诊中心，服务超过400万人。自1985年6月男科实验室成立以来，已对2000名患者进行了5300多次精液分析。
