用逻辑模型重新审视人口动态:能建模和预测多少?
Human population dynamics revisited with the logistic model: how much can be modeled and predicted?
作者信息
Marchetti C, Meyer P S, Ausubel J H
出版信息
Technol Forecast Soc Change. 1996 May;52(1):1-30. doi: 10.1016/0040-1625(96)00001-7.
"We revive the logistic model, which was tested and found wanting in early-20th-century studies of aggregate human populations, and apply it instead to life expectancy (death) and fertility (birth)....For death...the logistic portrays the situation crisply. Human life expectancy is reaching the culmination of a two-hundred year-process that forestalls death until about 80 for men and the mid 80s for women. No breakthroughs in longevity are in sight unless genetic engineering comes to help. For birth, the logistic covers quantitatively its actual morphology. However, because we have not been able to model this essential parameter in a predictive way over long periods, we cannot say whether the future of human population is runaway growth or slow implosion... From a niche point of view, resources are the limits to numbers, and access to resources depends on technologies. The logistic makes clear that for homo faber, the limits to numbers keep shifting. These moving edges may most confound forecasting the long-run size of humanity."
我们重新启用了逻辑斯蒂模型,该模型在20世纪早期对总体人类人口的研究中经过测试,但发现存在不足,现在我们将其应用于预期寿命(死亡)和生育率(出生)……对于死亡……逻辑斯蒂模型清晰地描绘了这种情况。人类预期寿命正达到一个长达两百年过程的顶点,这个过程将死亡推迟到男性约80岁、女性80岁中期左右。除非基因工程提供帮助,否则看不到长寿方面的突破。对于出生,逻辑斯蒂模型定量地涵盖了其实际形态。然而,由于我们一直无法长期以预测的方式对这个关键参数进行建模,所以我们无法确定人类人口的未来是失控增长还是缓慢内爆……从生态位的角度来看,资源是数量的限制因素,而获取资源取决于技术。逻辑斯蒂模型表明,对于制造工具的人来说,数量的限制一直在变化。这些不断移动的边界可能最使预测人类的长期规模变得复杂。