Hugo G
Asian Pac Migr J. 1995;4(2-3):273-301. doi: 10.1177/011719689500400206.
This article addresses two dimensions of the complex interrelationship between the family and international labor migration in Indonesia: the role of the family in influencing labor movements out of Indonesia; and the consequences of this movement on family well-being, structure, and functioning. Research on this topic in Indonesia is highly limited due mainly to the recency of large scale international labor migration, inadequate data collection systems, a high incidence of undocumented migration, and failure of available research to be sensitive to family related issues. Against a rapidly changing economic and social situation, two major overlapping systems of migration have developed. The official system is focused strongly on the Middle East (although other Asian destinations are increasing in significance) and is dominated by female migrants. The undocumented system is much larger in volume, is focused upon Malaysia, involves more males than females, and is becoming permanent in some cases. The role, status, and experiences of women migrants in relation to their families (decision making, networks, remittances) are discussed with recommendations for other areas needing further research attention.
家庭在影响劳动力从印度尼西亚流出方面的作用；以及这种流动对家庭福祉、结构和功能的影响。印度尼西亚关于这一主题的研究非常有限，主要原因是大规模国际劳务移民出现的时间较近、数据收集系统不完善、无证移民发生率高，以及现有研究未能充分关注与家庭相关的问题。在迅速变化的经济和社会形势下，出现了两个主要且相互重叠的移民体系。官方体系主要集中在中东地区（尽管其他亚洲目的地的重要性在增加），且以女性移民为主。无证移民体系的规模要大得多，主要集中在马来西亚，男性移民多于女性移民，在某些情况下甚至呈现出永久性。文中讨论了女性移民在家庭中的角色、地位和经历（决策、网络、汇款），并针对其他需要进一步研究关注的领域提出了建议。
