Pattnayak S R, Shai D
J Dev Soc. 1995 Dec;11(2):252-62.
"While infant mortality and the under 5 mortality rates are widely used as measures of development, the death rate among 1-4 year olds may be a more effective measure of socioenvironmental conditions affecting mortality, since this age group is less influenced by genetic and biological factors than infants. This article looks at the relationship between infant, under 5, and 1-4 mortality rates and level of development, immunization, information, access to drinking water and health services, and literacy rates among mothers for 78 less developed countries. The evidence suggests that socioenvironmental variables have greater degrees of correlation with age group 1-4 mortality than infant or under 5 mortality, pointing to the importance of this measure in cross-cultural research."
虽然婴儿死亡率和五岁以下儿童死亡率被广泛用作发展的衡量指标，但1至4岁儿童的死亡率可能是衡量影响死亡率的社会环境条件的更有效指标，因为与婴儿相比，这个年龄组受遗传和生物因素的影响较小。本文研究了78个欠发达国家的婴儿、五岁以下儿童和1至4岁儿童死亡率与发展水平、免疫接种、信息、饮用水和卫生服务的可及性以及母亲识字率之间的关系。证据表明，社会环境变量与1至4岁年龄组死亡率的相关性高于婴儿或五岁以下儿童死亡率，这表明该指标在跨文化研究中的重要性。
