Andreasson Katrin I, Kaufmann Walter E
Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 5-119B, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2002;39:113-37. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-46006-0_6.
During the development of the central nervous system, there is a fundamental requirement for synaptic activity in transforming immature neuronal connections into organized functional circuits (Katz 1996). The molecular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent adaptive changes in neurons are believed to involve regulated cascades of gene expression. Immediate early genes (IEGs) comprise the initial cascade of gene expression responsible for initiating the process of stimulus-induced adaptive change, and were identified initially as transcription factors that were regulated in brain by excitatory synaptic activity. More recently, a class of neuronal immediate early genes has been identified that encodes growth factors, signaling molecules, extracellular matrix and adhesion proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins that are rapidly and transiently expressed in response to glutamatergic neurotransmission. This review focuses on the neuronal immediate early gene (nIEG) response, in particular, the class of "effector" immediate early gene proteins that may directly modify neuronal and synaptic function.
在中枢神经系统的发育过程中，将未成熟的神经元连接转化为有组织的功能回路对突触活动有着根本需求（Katz，1996年）。神经元中依赖活动的适应性变化背后的分子机制被认为涉及基因表达的调控级联反应。即刻早期基因（IEGs）构成了基因表达的初始级联反应，负责启动刺激诱导的适应性变化过程，最初被鉴定为受兴奋性突触活动调控的转录因子。最近，一类神经元即刻早期基因被鉴定出来，它们编码生长因子、信号分子、细胞外基质和黏附蛋白，以及响应谷氨酸能神经传递而快速短暂表达的细胞骨架蛋白。本综述重点关注神经元即刻早期基因（nIEG）反应，特别是可能直接改变神经元和突触功能的“效应器”即刻早期基因蛋白类别。
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