Sweitzer Rebecca E, Rink Richard D, Corey Tracey, Goldsmith Jane
Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, KY, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2002 Sep;47(5):1049-54.
This study was a retrospective chart review of hospital records and autopsy reports of 499 children nine years old or younger involved in motor vehicle collisions from 1994 to 1998. The objective was to evaluate the frequency and severity of injuries as a function of age, restraint use, and seat position. We found that 33% of the children were unrestrained and 20% were improperly restrained. Unrestrained children had the highest mean Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scores (MAIS) and Injury Severity Scores (ISS), accounted for 70% of the fatalities, and had the highest incidence of head injuries. Although most of the head injuries were superficial, 80% of the fatalities were the result of a head injury. Improperly restrained children had the highest frequency of abdominal injuries. Regardless of restraint use, the back seat was associated with fewer head injuries and lower mean MAIS and ISS scores compared to the front seat. Also, properly restrained children in the front seat had lower mean MAIS and ISS scores than unrestrained children in the back seat, suggesting that restraint use is more beneficial than seat position.
本研究是一项回顾性图表审查，涉及1994年至1998年期间499名9岁及以下儿童机动车碰撞事故的医院记录和尸检报告。目的是评估受伤频率和严重程度与年龄、约束装置使用情况和座位位置的关系。我们发现，33%的儿童未使用约束装置，20%的儿童约束装置使用不当。未使用约束装置的儿童平均最高简明损伤评分（MAIS）和损伤严重程度评分（ISS）最高，占死亡人数的70%，且头部受伤发生率最高。虽然大多数头部损伤为浅表性损伤，但80%的死亡是头部受伤所致。约束装置使用不当的儿童腹部受伤频率最高。无论是否使用约束装置，与前排座位相比，后排座位的儿童头部受伤较少，平均MAIS和ISS评分较低。此外，前排座位使用适当约束装置的儿童平均MAIS和ISS评分低于后排座位未使用约束装置的儿童，这表明使用约束装置比座位位置更有益。
