Neuhouser Marian L, Miller Debra L, Kristal Alan R, Barnett Matt J, Cheskin Lawrence J
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2002 Oct;21(5):394-401. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2002.10719241.
The objective of this study was to determine whether free-living individuals diagnosed with diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease or hypertension follow standard dietary recommendations for treatment of these diet-modifiable disorders.
Data are from 1,782 adult men and women who completed an annual clinic visit as part of a large study of diet and health. Usual dietary intake over the previous month was assessed with a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Trained staff obtained a detailed medical history and information on health and exercise habits, measured height and weight, and collected a fasting blood specimen to measure total serum cholesterol, triglycerides and carotenoids. Multivariate linear regression was used to test associations of diet-modifiable chronic diseases with diet and exercise habits.
42% of the study sample reported at least one diet-modifiable disease or risk factor for disease. These individuals had higher total serum cholesterol (p < 0.001) and triglycerides (p < 0.001) compared to those without these conditions. Diabetics consumed a greater percent of energy from fat (p < 0.01), and men with hypertension consumed a greater percent energy from saturated fat (p < 0.05) compared to those without these conditions. There were few other differences in dietary intake between diseased and healthy individuals, and on average, all participants had diets that were not consistent with recommended guidelines for prevention or treatment of these diet-modifiable disorders. Forty-six percent of all participants were overweight or obese, and BMI was significantly higher among participants with at least one diet-modifiable disorder (p < 0.001). Healthy and diseased participants exercised about 17 minutes per day, and compared to non-diabetics, persons with diabetes exercised with 25% less intensity (p < 0.05).
Participants in this sample with diet-modifiable disorders reported that they are motivated to eat less fat, but most are still overweight or obese, consume a diet high in fat and low in fruits and vegetables and engage in very little physical exercise. New strategies are needed to help patients adopt and maintain healthful dietary practices that will reduce their risk.
本研究的目的是确定被诊断患有糖尿病、血脂异常、心血管疾病或高血压的自由生活个体是否遵循针对这些饮食可调节疾病治疗的标准饮食建议。
数据来自1782名成年男性和女性，他们作为一项关于饮食与健康的大型研究的一部分完成了年度门诊就诊。使用一份自我管理的食物频率问卷评估前一个月的日常饮食摄入量。训练有素的工作人员获取了详细的病史以及关于健康和运动习惯的信息，测量了身高和体重，并采集了空腹血样以测量总血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和类胡萝卜素。使用多元线性回归来检验饮食可调节的慢性病与饮食和运动习惯之间的关联。
42%的研究样本报告至少有一种饮食可调节疾病或疾病风险因素。与没有这些情况的个体相比，这些个体的总血清胆固醇（p < 0.001）和甘油三酯（p < 0.001）更高。与没有这些情况的个体相比，糖尿病患者从脂肪中摄入的能量百分比更高（p < 0.01），患有高血压的男性从饱和脂肪中摄入的能量百分比更高（p < 0.05）。患病个体与健康个体在饮食摄入量方面几乎没有其他差异，并且平均而言，所有参与者的饮食都不符合预防或治疗这些饮食可调节疾病的推荐指南。46%的所有参与者超重或肥胖，并且在至少有一种饮食可调节疾病的参与者中，体重指数显著更高（p < 0.001）。健康和患病参与者每天锻炼约17分钟，与非糖尿病患者相比，糖尿病患者的锻炼强度低25%（p < 0.05）。
该样本中患有饮食可调节疾病的参与者报告称他们有动力减少脂肪摄入，但大多数人仍然超重或肥胖，食用高脂肪、低水果和蔬菜的饮食，并且很少进行体育锻炼。需要新的策略来帮助患者采用并维持有助于降低风险的健康饮食习惯。
