Gottesman D M
Psychoanal Rev. 1975;62(4):639-45.
A number of authors, including Freud, have written about the process of working through but have left unsettled what is actually involved. I have attempted to outline the step-by-step process of working through, starting with recollection and repetition and ending with restitution and resolution. I have introduced the term restitution in order to give more importance to an already existing step in the working-throught process; it should not be looked upon as an artificial device. Restitution allows the patient to find appropriate gratification in present reality, and this helps him to relinquish the past. Rather than allowing the patient to "wallow in the muck of guilt," as Eveoleen Rexford suggests society "wallows" in its inability to help its children, restitution gives appropriate direction for change. It is a natural step in the successful resolution of treatment.
包括弗洛伊德在内的许多作者都曾论述过“修通”的过程，但对于其中实际涉及的内容并未定论。我试图勾勒出修通的一步步过程，从回忆与重复开始，以恢复与解决告终。我引入“恢复”这个术语，是为了让修通过程中一个已有的步骤得到更多重视；它不应被视为一种人为手段。恢复使患者能够在当下现实中找到适当的满足，这有助于他放下过去。正如伊芙琳·雷克斯福德所指出的，社会因无力帮助其子女而“深陷泥潭”，而恢复并非让患者“沉溺于罪恶的泥沼”，而是为改变提供了恰当的方向。它是治疗成功解决的一个自然步骤。
