Sorahan T, Nichols L, Harrington J M
Institute of Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Occup Med (Lond). 2002 Sep;52(6):333-9. doi: 10.1093/occmed/52.6.333.
The mortality experienced by cohorts of 28 630 oil refinery workers and 16 480 petroleum distribution workers has been investigated. Study subjects were all those male employees first employed in the period 1946-1974 at one of eight UK oil refineries or at one of 476 UK petroleum distribution centres; all subjects had a minimum of 12 months employment with some employment after 1 January 1951. The observed numbers of cause-specific deaths were compared with expectations based on national mortality rates. The resultant standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were significantly below 100 for all causes, in both oil refinery workers (observed, 9341; expected, 10 649.7; SMR = 88) and petroleum distribution workers (observed, 6083; expected, 6460.3; SMR = 94). Significantly elevated SMRs were shown in oil refinery workers for cancer of the gall bladder (observed, 24; expected, 14.0; SMR = 172), cancer of the pleura (observed, 38; expected, 15.0; SMR = 254) and melanoma (observed, 36; expected, 22.2; SMR = 162). Significantly elevated SMRs were not found in petroleum distribution workers for any site of cancer. SMRs for selected causes of death were calculated by period from commencing employment, by year of hire and by job type. The only findings that suggested the presence of an occupational cancer hazard were an excess of mesothelioma in oil refinery workers and an excess of leukaemia in petroleum distribution workers, both excesses occurring in long-term follow-up for workers first employed >30 years ago.
对28630名炼油工人和16480名石油配送工人队列的死亡率进行了调查。研究对象为1946年至1974年期间首次受雇于英国八家炼油厂之一或476家英国石油配送中心之一的所有男性员工；所有受试者至少工作12个月，且在1951年1月1日后仍有工作。将特定病因死亡的观察数与基于全国死亡率的预期数进行比较。炼油工人（观察数9341；预期数10649.7；标准化死亡比（SMR）=88）和石油配送工人（观察数6083；预期数6460.3；SMR=94）所有病因的标准化死亡比均显著低于100。炼油工人中胆囊癌（观察数24；预期数14.0；SMR=172）、胸膜癌（观察数38；预期数15.0；SMR=254）和黑色素瘤（观察数36；预期数22.2；SMR=162）的标准化死亡比显著升高。石油配送工人中未发现任何癌症部位的标准化死亡比显著升高。按开始工作时间、雇佣年份和工作类型计算了选定死因的标准化死亡比。唯一表明存在职业性癌症风险的发现是炼油工人中石棉沉着病过多，以及石油配送工人中白血病过多，这两种过多情况都发生在对30多年前首次受雇的工人的长期随访中。
