In cats anaesthetized with chloralose the release of neurohypophysial hormones was examined after injection of nicotine into the cerebral ventricles or cisterna magna or its topical application through perspex rings to the ventral surface of the brain stem. The release was measured by assaying the hormones in samples of venous blood. 2. Injected into a lateral or the third cerebral ventricle, nicotine (0.5 to 1 mg) produced release of vasopressin without oxytocin. When the aqueduct was cannulated, preventing access to the fourth ventricle and to the subarachnoid space, this release did not occur. 3. Vasopressin was also released without oxytocin when nicotine (0.25 to 2 mg) was injected into the subarachnoid space through the cisterna magna. With this route of administration the nicotine did not enter any part of the ventricular system. 4. Applied through paired perspex rings placed across the ventral surface of the brain stem, nicotine again produced release of vasopressin without ocytocin. The amount of nicotine placed in each ring was usually 80 mug, but a release was obtained with 10 mug and in one experiment with as little as 5 mug. 5. The bilateral region on the ventral surface of the brain stem where nicotine acts when producing release of vasopressin lies lateral to the pyramids and in a longitudinal direction, 6 to 9 mm caudal to the trapezoid bodies. 6. The vasopressin release by nicotine injected intraventricularly or intracisternally, or applied topically to the ventral surface of the brain stem was not due to absorption of nicotine into the blood stream, nor to blood pressure effects. 7. It is concluded that nicotine acts on the ventral surface of the brain stem probably by activating the central projection to the supra-optic and possibly also the paraventricular nuclei of afferent pathways in the sinus and vagus nerves which control the release of vasopressin in response to changes in blood volume or distribution.
