Yook Soon-Hyung, Jeong Hawoong, Barabasi Albert-Laszlo
Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 15;99(21):13382-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.172501399. Epub 2002 Oct 4.
Network generators that capture the Internet's large-scale topology are crucial for the development of efficient routing protocols and modeling Internet traffic. Our ability to design realistic generators is limited by the incomplete understanding of the fundamental driving forces that affect the Internet's evolution. By combining several independent databases capturing the time evolution, topology, and physical layout of the Internet, we identify the universal mechanisms that shape the Internet's router and autonomous system level topology. We find that the physical layout of nodes form a fractal set, determined by population density patterns around the globe. The placement of links is driven by competition between preferential attachment and linear distance dependence, a marked departure from the currently used exponential laws. The universal parameters that we extract significantly restrict the class of potentially correct Internet models and indicate that the networks created by all available topology generators are fundamentally different from the current Internet.
能够捕捉互联网大规模拓扑结构的网络生成器对于高效路由协议的开发和互联网流量建模至关重要。我们设计现实可行的生成器的能力受到对影响互联网演化的基本驱动力理解不完整的限制。通过整合多个记录互联网时间演化、拓扑结构和物理布局的独立数据库，我们确定了塑造互联网路由器和自治系统级拓扑结构的通用机制。我们发现节点的物理布局形成了一个分形集，由全球人口密度模式决定。链路的布局由优先连接和线性距离依赖之间的竞争驱动，这与目前使用的指数定律有显著不同。我们提取的通用参数极大地限制了潜在正确的互联网模型的类别，并表明所有可用拓扑生成器创建的网络与当前互联网在根本上是不同的。
