Hoogerwerf M
Dietetic Department, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
EDTNA ERCA J. 2002;Suppl 2:54-5, 58. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-6686.2002.tb00258.x.
The patient with acute renal failure is a very ill patient suffering from high urea levels causing poor appetite, nausea and vomiting. These patients are usually treated with a low sodium, low protein and, if the potassium in the blood is high, with a low potassium diet (1). This paper discusses whether or not this is the correct treatment. The symptoms of high urea levels in the blood together with increased needs for energy and protein makes it very hard to prevent the patient becoming malnourished. Often energy-enriched drinks are necessary to achieve recommendations and it is prudent to let the patient eat and drink what they desire. By calculating the energy and protein needs and comparing these with the intake and the state of illness and by following the patient's body weight over time we can obtain information about the state of nourishment. When we alter the food that's offered we achieve better intake and reduce the risk of malnourishment.
急性肾衰竭患者病情严重，尿素水平升高导致食欲不振、恶心和呕吐。这些患者通常采用低钠、低蛋白饮食治疗，如果血液中的钾含量高，则采用低钾饮食（1）。本文讨论这种治疗方法是否正确。血液中尿素水平升高的症状以及对能量和蛋白质需求的增加，使得很难防止患者营养不良。通常需要饮用富含能量的饮料才能达到推荐摄入量，让患者想吃什么就吃什么是明智的做法。通过计算能量和蛋白质需求，并将其与摄入量、病情进行比较，以及长期跟踪患者体重，我们可以获得有关营养状况的信息。当我们改变提供的食物时，就能实现更好的摄入量，并降低营养不良的风险。
