Ledeen Robert W, Wu Gusheng
Dept. of Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark 07103, USA.
Neurochem Res. 2002 Aug;27(7-8):637-47. doi: 10.1023/a:1020224016830.
Ganglioside function in eukaryotic cells encompasses a variety of modulatory interactions related to both development and mature cellular behavior. In relation to the nervous system this includes induction of neurite outgrowth and trophic/neuroprotective phenomena; more generally this applies to ganglioside effects on receptor function, adhesion reactions, and signal transduction mechanisms in neural and extraneural systems. Underlying many of these trophic effects are ganglioside-induced changes in cellular calcium, accomplished through modulation of Ca2+ influx channels, Ca2+ exchange proteins, and various Ca2+-dependent enzymes that are altered through association with gangliosides. A clear distinction needs to be drawn between intrinsic functions of gangliosides as naturally expressed by the cell and activities created by application of exogenous ganglioside(s) that may or may not reflect natural function. This review attempts to summarize findings in this area and point to possible future directions of research.
神经节苷脂在真核细胞中的功能包括与发育和成熟细胞行为相关的多种调节相互作用。就神经系统而言，这包括诱导神经突生长和营养/神经保护现象；更普遍地说，这适用于神经节苷脂对神经和非神经系统中受体功能、黏附反应和信号转导机制的影响。许多这些营养作用的基础是神经节苷脂诱导的细胞钙变化，这是通过调节Ca2+流入通道、Ca2+交换蛋白以及通过与神经节苷脂结合而改变的各种Ca2+依赖性酶来实现的。需要明确区分细胞自然表达的神经节苷脂的内在功能与应用外源性神经节苷脂所产生的活性，后者可能反映也可能不反映自然功能。本综述试图总结该领域的研究结果并指出未来可能的研究方向。
