Rowe David C, Rodgers Joseph L
Division of Family Studies, University of Arizona, USA.
Psychol Rev. 2002 Oct;109(4):759-63; discussion 764-71. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.109.4.759.
The Flynn effect is the rise in mean IQ scores during the 20th century, amounting to about 0.33 IQ points per year. Many theoretical explanations have been proposed, though none are universally accepted. W. Dickens and J. R. Flynn's (2001) new approach explains the large IQ changes by means of recursive models of IQ growth. A salient feature of their models is that IQ phenotypes and their supportive environments are correlated; in addition, environmental effects can rebound on phenotypic IQ to increase or lower IQ. In this critique, the authors examine an empirical challenge to their models, which typically imply large changes in IQ variance. However, the historical rise in IQ mean level has not been accompanied by substantial variance changes, a finding inconsistent with the properties of the proposed model.
弗林效应是指20世纪期间平均智商分数的上升，相当于每年约0.33个智商点。人们已经提出了许多理论解释，但没有一个被普遍接受。W. 狄更斯和J. R. 弗林（2001年）的新方法通过智商增长的递归模型来解释智商的大幅变化。他们模型的一个显著特征是智商表型与其支持性环境是相关的；此外，环境效应可以反作用于表型智商，从而提高或降低智商。在这篇评论中，作者审视了对他们模型的一项实证挑战，该挑战通常意味着智商方差会有很大变化。然而，智商平均水平的历史上升并未伴随着方差的大幅变化，这一发现与所提出模型的特性不一致。
