Beer Jennifer S
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002 Oct;83(4):1009-24.
Three studies examined implicit self-theories in relation to shy people's goals, responses, and consequences within social situations. Shy incremental theorists were more likely than shy entity theorists to view social situations as a learning opportunity and to approach social settings (Study 1). Shy incremental theorists were less likely to use strategies aimed at avoiding social interaction (Studies 2 and 3) and suffered fewer negative consequences of their shyness (Study 3). These findings generalized across both hypothetical and actual social situations as well as both self-reports and observer reports and could not be attributed to individual differences in level of shyness. Together, these studies indicate that implicit self-theories of shyness are important for understanding individual differences among shy people and suggest new avenues for implicit self-theories research.
三项研究考察了与害羞者在社交情境中的目标、反应及结果相关的内隐自我理论。相较于害羞的实体理论家，害羞的渐变理论家更有可能将社交情境视为学习机会并接近社交场合（研究1）。害羞的渐变理论家不太可能使用旨在避免社交互动的策略（研究2和3），且其害羞带来的负面后果较少（研究3）。这些发现适用于假设和实际的社交情境，以及自我报告和观察者报告，且不能归因于害羞程度的个体差异。总之，这些研究表明，害羞的内隐自我理论对于理解害羞者之间的个体差异很重要，并为内隐自我理论研究提供了新途径。
