Burykh M P
Department of Clinical Anatomy and Technology of Surgical Operations, Kharkiv State Medical University, Av Lenin 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2002 Aug-Sep;24(3-4):201-4. doi: 10.1007/s00276-002-0046-1. Epub 2002 Aug 23.
One thousand and ninety-four normal human kidneys and 18 abnormal (with duplication of the ureter) were studied by the corrosion method and pyelography followed by topometric and mathematics analyses. It was found that the renal pelvis is a calicopelvic complex built up of renal calices, urine ducts and renal pelvis. Before opening into the renal pelvis, renal calices join together forming urine ducts (superior and inferior; or superior, middle and inferior; or superior, middle anterior, middle posterior and inferior) which transport urine to the container, the renal pelvis. It can be seen that groups of renal calices with pyramids and their surrounding cortical substance form the renal excretory sectors of the kidneys where the processes of uropoiesis and transportation of urine through elements of the nephron and calicopelvic complex take place. These are two (superior and inferior), three (superior, middle and inferior) or four (superior, middle anterior, middle posterior and inferior) renal excretory sectors. The existence of renal excretory sectors is proved by congenital anomalies of the calicopelvic complex such as duplication of the ureter, where urine ducts of the superior and inferior renal excretory sectors do not form a renal pelvis but run separately to the urinary bladder. On the basis of anatomical data obtained, renal excretory sectors may be distinguished, analogous to bronchopulmonary segments in lungs. These data about renal excretory sectors will contribute to further improvement in the operative technique of renal partial resections as well as to anatomical nomenclature.
采用腐蚀法、肾盂造影术，并进行拓扑测量和数学分析，对1094个正常人体肾脏和18个异常（输尿管重复）肾脏进行了研究。结果发现，肾盂是一个由肾盏、输尿管和肾盂组成的肾盂复合体。在汇入肾盂之前，肾盏汇合形成输尿管（上、下；或上、中、下；或上、中前、中后、下），将尿液输送至容器肾盂。可以看出，带有锥体及其周围皮质物质的肾盏组形成了肾脏的肾排泄区，尿液生成和通过肾单位及肾盂复合体各部分输送尿液的过程在此发生。这些是两个（上、下）、三个（上、中、下）或四个（上、中前、中后、下）肾排泄区。肾盂复合体的先天性异常，如输尿管重复，证明了肾排泄区的存在，其中上、下肾排泄区的输尿管不形成肾盂，而是分别通向膀胱。根据所获得的解剖学数据，可以区分出肾排泄区，类似于肺中的支气管肺段。这些关于肾排泄区的数据将有助于进一步改进肾部分切除术的手术技术以及解剖学命名。
