Kennett Steven A
Canadian Institute of Resources Law, MFH 3330, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
Environ Manage. 2002 Nov;30(5):595-608. doi: 10.1007/s00267-002-2716-5.
Biosphere greenhouse gas (GHG) management consists of preserving and enhancing terrestrial carbon pools and producing biomass as a fossil fuel substitute. The discussion of this topic has focused primarily on carbon-accounting and project-level issues, particularly relating to carbon sequestration as a source of emissions credits under the Kyoto Protocol. While international consensus on these matters is needed, this paper argues that an important domestic policy agenda also deserves attention. National policies for biosphere GHG management are necessary to bring about large-scale changes in land-use, forestry, and agricultural practices and can address some of the technical and policy issues that have proven to be particularly problematic from carbon-accounting and project-level perspectives. These policies should minimize land-use and resource-management conflicts, account for collateral benefits, and ensure institutional compatibility with existing resource-management regimes. Issues relating to project permanence, leakage, and transaction costs should also be addressed. A range of policy instruments should be used and biosphere GHG management should be one component of an integrated approach to environmental and resource management. Countries promoting biosphere GHG management as an important element of their climate change strategies should be developing these domestic policies to complement international negotiations and to demonstrate that carbon sequestration and biomass production can make an effective contribution to the stabilization of atmospheric GHG concentrations.
生物圈温室气体（GHG）管理包括保护和增加陆地碳库以及生产生物质以替代化石燃料。对这一主题的讨论主要集中在碳核算和项目层面的问题上，特别是与根据《京都议定书》作为排放信用来源的碳封存相关的问题。虽然在这些问题上需要国际共识，但本文认为一个重要的国内政策议程也值得关注。生物圈温室气体管理的国家政策对于在土地利用、林业和农业实践方面带来大规模变革是必要的，并且可以解决一些从碳核算和项目层面来看已被证明特别棘手的技术和政策问题。这些政策应尽量减少土地利用和资源管理冲突，考虑附带效益，并确保与现有资源管理制度在体制上兼容。与项目永久性、泄漏和交易成本相关的问题也应得到解决。应使用一系列政策工具，并且生物圈温室气体管理应成为环境和资源综合管理方法的一个组成部分。将生物圈温室气体管理作为其气候变化战略重要要素加以推动的国家应制定这些国内政策，以补充国际谈判，并表明碳封存和生物质生产能够对稳定大气温室气体浓度做出有效贡献。
