Milczarski Paweł, Masojć Piotr
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural University, Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland.
Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2002;7(2A):449-55.
Genetic maps containing molecular markers are useful tools for the identification of genes underlying quantitative traits (QTLs). Three traits important for plant physiology, i.e. chlorophyll content, sensitivity to GA and sensitivity to ABA, were evaluated for 99 F2 families of the DS2 x RXL10 rye mapping population. The observed variation in the chlorophyll content in rye leaves was shown to be under the genetic control of four independent QTLs. They were located on the following chromosome arms: 1RL (QChc-1R.1), 3RS (QChc-3R.1), 4RL (QChc-4R.1) and 5RL (QChc-5R.1) The marker-assisted selection of recombinants comprising positively-acting alleles at these loci may significantly increase the chlorophyll content in rye leaves, which should result in a higher efficiency of photosynthesis. A decreasing of plant height in rye is one of the major aims of breeders selecting for lodging resistance. The polymorphism of genes controlling sensitivity to gibberellic acid may be the basis for a potential selection strategy. Three QTLs underlying the sensitivity of rye seedlings to GA were located on chromosomes 5RL (QGar-5R.1), 1RL (QGar-1R.1) and on 7RL (QGar-7R.1). The dwarfing allele of a Dw1 locus present in line RXL10 was mapped in the same position as the QGar-5R.1 gene. Sensitivity to ABA plays an important role in imposing dormancy in rye grain. Three QTLs affecting sensitivity to ABA were found. They were mapped on chromosomes 1RS (QAbr-1R.1), 2R in the centromeric region (QAbr-2R.1) and on 5RL (QAbr-5R.1). QAbr-5R.1, Dw1 and QGar-5R.1 are located in the same position on the distal part of the 5RL chromosome arm, which suggests that they belong to a single locus for a major regulatory gene controlling the development of rye plants.
包含分子标记的遗传图谱是鉴定数量性状（QTL）潜在基因的有用工具。对黑麦作图群体DS2×RXL10的99个F2家系评估了对植物生理学重要的三个性状，即叶绿素含量、对赤霉素（GA）的敏感性和对脱落酸（ABA）的敏感性。结果表明，黑麦叶片中观察到的叶绿素含量变化受四个独立QTL的遗传控制。它们位于以下染色体臂上：1RL（QChc - 1R.1）、3RS（QChc - 3R.1）、4RL（QChc - 4R.1）和5RL（QChc - 5R.1）。对在这些位点包含正向作用等位基因的重组体进行标记辅助选择可能会显著增加黑麦叶片中的叶绿素含量，这应会导致光合作用效率更高。降低黑麦株高是育种者选择抗倒伏品种的主要目标之一。控制对赤霉素敏感性的基因多态性可能是一种潜在选择策略的基础。黑麦幼苗对GA敏感性的三个QTL位于染色体5RL（QGar - 5R.1）、1RL（QGar - 1R.1）和7RL（QGar - 一7R.1）上。RXL10品系中存在的Dw1位点的矮化等位基因被定位在与QGar - 5R.1基因相同的位置。对ABA的敏感性在黑麦种子休眠中起重要作用。发现了三个影响对ABA敏感性的QTL。它们被定位在染色体1RS（QAbr - 1R.1）、着丝粒区域的2R（QAbr - 2R.1）和5RL（QAbr - 5R.1）上。QAbr - 5R.1、Dw1和QGar - 5R.1位于5RL染色体臂远端的同一位置，这表明它们属于控制黑麦植株发育的一个主要调控基因的单个位点。
