Jordão C P, Pereira M G, Bellato C R, Pereira J L, Matos A T
Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Environ Monit Assess. 2002 Oct;79(1):75-100. doi: 10.1023/a:1020085813555.
The State of Minas Gerais represents one of Brazil's most outstanding mining resources. The contamination of river water from kaolin processing activities may be harmful to people in the way of slow but chronic poisoning. On the other hand, the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated domestic sewage into aquatic environments can also cause deleterious effects to the health. However, no reliable figures are available for pollutant occurrences in river water. This draws attention to the very precarious situation that exists with respect to pollution by organic and inorganic toxic wastes, especially with respect to humans and fauna in all its expressions. Thus, with the purpose of establishing a preliminary report to trace out industrialisation outcomes, samples of river water, vegetation and fish were collected and analysed to detect pollutant inputs. The concentration of metals was determined in suspended particle, vegetation and fish, while those of nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and chloride were determined in river water samples. The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) was measured in river water at the time of collection. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were also determined. Metal inputs in the samples analysed appeared to be related to effluent discharges into the rivers. The suspended particles showed high concentrations (in mg kg(-1)) of zinc (62 600) and aluminium (559 000), while vegetation samples collected near rivers were heavily contaminated with iron (7680). The fishes examined were contaminated with chromium (1.5 mg kg(-1)). In general, the concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, chloride, phosphate and BOD in river water were lower than the maximum values established by the Brazilian Environmental Standards.
米纳斯吉拉斯州是巴西矿产资源最为丰富的地区之一。高岭土加工活动造成的河水污染可能会以缓慢但长期中毒的方式对人类有害。另一方面，未经处理或处理不充分的生活污水排放到水生环境中也会对健康造成有害影响。然而，目前尚无关于河水中污染物含量的可靠数据。这凸显了有机和无机有毒废物污染问题的严峻形势，尤其是对人类和各种生物的影响。因此，为了撰写一份初步报告以追踪工业化的影响，我们采集并分析了河水、植被和鱼类样本，以检测污染物的输入情况。测定了悬浮颗粒、植被和鱼类中的金属浓度，同时测定了河水样本中的亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐和氯化物浓度。采集河水样本时还测量了溶解氧（DO）浓度。此外，还测定了化学需氧量（COD）和生化需氧量（BOD）。分析样本中的金属输入似乎与河流中的废水排放有关。悬浮颗粒中锌（62600毫克/千克）和铝（559000毫克/千克）的浓度较高，而在河流附近采集的植被样本则受到铁（7680毫克/千克）的严重污染。所检测的鱼类受到铬（1.5毫克/千克）的污染。总体而言，河水中亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、氯化物、磷酸盐和生化需氧量的浓度低于巴西环境标准规定的最大值。
