Lepkovsky S, Dimick M K, Furuta F, Feldman S E, Park R
J Nutr. 1975 Dec;105(12):1491-9. doi: 10.1093/jn/105.12.1491.
The role of the upper intestine in the regulation of food intake and gastric emptying has been studied in normal, gastrectomized, and "crossover" rats, parabiotic rats with a common visceral cavity in which the proximal duodenum of each parabiont is anastomosed to the pylorus of the stomach of the partner. One rat of "crossover" pairs eats and the partner eats little or nothing. Normal rats fed a raw soybean (RS) diet ate less and gastric evacuation proceeded more slowly than in normal rats fed a heated soybean (HS) diet. It is postulated that RS contains a heat-labile intestinal irritant. The upper intestine of gastrectomized rats regulates food intake and prevents overloading of the intestine. Force feeding of excessive amounts of the RS diet elicited the secretion of much more solids and nitrogen into the upper intestine than did similar amounts of the HS diet. The upper intestines of "crossover" rats lose all control over entry of gastric contents into their duodena. Fed ad libitum, the parabiont whose stomach emptied first, ate continuously, while the recipient partner showed diarrhea. It is postulated that the control of food intake traditionally assigned to the stomach resides, rather, in the upper intestine.
上消化道在食物摄入调节和胃排空方面的作用，已在正常大鼠、胃切除大鼠和“交叉”大鼠中进行了研究。“交叉”大鼠是一种具有共同体腔的联体大鼠，联体双方的近端十二指肠分别与对方胃的幽门吻合。“交叉”对中的一只大鼠进食，而另一只则进食很少或根本不进食。喂食生大豆（RS）饮食的正常大鼠比喂食加热大豆（HS）饮食的正常大鼠吃得更少，胃排空也更慢。据推测，RS中含有一种热不稳定的肠道刺激物。胃切除大鼠的上消化道调节食物摄入并防止肠道超载。强制喂食过量的RS饮食比等量的HS饮食能促使更多的固体和氮分泌到上消化道中。“交叉”大鼠的上消化道对胃内容物进入十二指肠完全失去控制。随意进食时，胃先排空的联体大鼠持续进食，而接受食物的另一方则出现腹泻。据推测，传统上认为由胃负责的食物摄入控制，实际上是由上消化道完成的。
